Lipid nanoparticles with fats or oils containing β-carotene: Storage stability and in vitro digestibility kinetics

The lipid type affects the in vitro digestibility and β-carotene bioaccessibility of liquid or solid lipid nanoparticles

“…In fact, certain solid fats may render tightly packed crystalline structures thus showing a faster degradation of carotenoids (Qian, Decker, Xiao, & McClements, 2013). In addition to this, differences have been observed in the lipid digestibility of emulsified solid lipids in comparison with liquid oils, by presenting a delayed lipolysis (Guo, Bellissimo, & Rousseau, 2017;Salvia-Trujillo et al, 2019b). This behavior has being attributed to a hindered lipase adsorption onto lipid-water interfaces (Bonnaire et al, 2008), which might create opportunities towards a controlled lipid digestibility of such delivery systems.…”

Fate of β-Carotene within Loaded Delivery Systems in Food: State of Knowledge

“…The lipophilic nature of β-carotene limits its bioaccessibility to the cells due to the poor solubility. Lipid-based delivery systems, such as micelles, nano-/microemulsions, liposomes, niosomes, SLNs and NLCs, have recently been recognized as enhancing the bioaccessibility of many lipophilic vitamins and fat-soluble compounds including vitamins A, D and E [51,[356][357][358][359]. The nature of the carrier oil utilized to fabricate LBDSs also affects their encapsulation efficiency and bioaccessibility [92,360].…”

Engineering oral delivery of hydrophobic bioactives in real-world scenarios

“…Figure 1| Library of colloidal delivery vehicles that surfaced since 2016. Most articles focussed on design of colloidal delivery vehicles including conventional, multi-layered or conjugate emulsions [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41], nanoemulsions and biopolymer-coated nanoemulsions [36,[42][43][44][45][46][47], Pickering emulsions [48][49][50][51][52][53][54], multiple emulsions [55,56], liposomes, niosomes and coated liposomes [57][58][59][60][61], solid lipid nanoparticles [62], natural or engineered capsules [63,64], which have been assessed for in vitro release of the bioactive compounds in relevant buffer or free fatty acids (FFA) release during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Not all of these have performed in vitro bioaccessibility to check the quantity or release kinetics of the bioactive compound in the micellar phase.…”

“…Not all of these have performed in vitro bioaccessibility to check the quantity or release kinetics of the bioactive compound in the micellar phase. Bioaccessibility studies were performed using delivery vehicles, such as conventional/ multilayered emulsions [33,34,[36][37][38][39][40], nanoemulsions/ biopolymer-coated nanoemulsions [36,[42][43][44][45][46], Pickering emulsions [48,[51][52][53][54], multiple emulsions [55,56], liposomes [60], and solid lipid nanoparticles [62] in the past five years. Limited bioavailability studies using in vivo or ex vivo mice trials to check the level of bioactive compound in the plasma or distribution of the bioactives in relevant organs have been performed by only administering conventional or conjugate emulsions [40,65] and nanoemulsions [47,66,67].…”

“…Harmonized in vitro static [68,69] and semi-dynamic [70] protocols on simulating gastrointestinal fluids are proving to be invaluable for understanding the release of bioactive compounds from the delivery vehicles in the micellar phase that would otherwise be timeconsuming to allow comparison of release between different vehicles. In addition, food colloid researchers are now reporting bioaccessibility kinetics of the compound from the delivery vehicles such as emulsions, nanoemulsions and solid lipid nanoparticles [33,36,37,62] using first-order model i.e. assuming a time independent rate constant (see Table 1 for the mathematical models used to derive relevant kinetic parameters [71,72]).…”