Lipid metabolism in the parasitic and free-living flatworms, Schistosoma mansoni and Dugesia dorotocephala

Meyer, Franz Michael; Meyer, Haruko; Bueding, Ernest

doi:10.1016/0005-2760(70)90170-0

Cited by 203 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Treatment of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae with either cyclooxygenase or lipoxygenase inhibitors decreases both prostaglandin and leukotriene-HETE production (115). In 1970 it was determined that Schistosoma mansoni is incapable of synthesizing long-chain fatty acids and sterols de novo despite a membrane that is replete with these molecules (91). This led researchers to study the effects of various fatty acids on Schistosoma mansoni, which led to two important discoveries.…”

Section: Helminthsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Eicosanoids and Other Oxylipins by Pathogenic Eukaryotic Microbes

2003

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Oxylipins are oxygenated metabolites of fatty acids. Eicosanoids are a subset of oxylipins and include the prostaglandins and leukotrienes, which are potent regulators of host immune responses. Host cells are one source of eicosanoids and oxylipins during infection; however, another potential source of eicosanoids is the pathogen itself. A broad range of pathogenic fungi, protozoa, and helminths produce eicosanoids and other oxylipins by novel synthesis pathways. Why do these organisms produce oxylipins? Accumulating data suggest that phase change and differentiation in these organisms are controlled by oxylipins, including prostaglandins and lipoxygenase products. The precise role of pathogen-derived eicosanoids in pathogenesis remains to be determined, but the potential link between pathogen eicosanoids and the development of TH2 responses in the host is intriguing. Mammalian prostaglandins and leukotrienes have been studied extensively, and these molecules can modulate Th1 versus Th2 immune responses, chemokine production, phagocytosis, lymphocyte proliferation, and leukocyte chemotaxis. Thus, eicosanoids and oxylipins (host or microbe) may be mediators of a direct host-pathogen “cross-talk” that promotes chronic infection and hypersensitivity disease, common features of infection by eukaryotic pathogens

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Section: Helminthsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Eicosanoids and Other Oxylipins by Pathogenic Eukaryotic Microbes

2003

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“…Fatty acids act as precursors for lipid and phospholipid synthesis, and therefore play an important role in the life cycle of the parasite, including membrane formation, functioning as lipid anchors for proteins, sexual maturation, and regulation of egg production (6). However, schistosomes are unable to syn-thesize fatty acids and sterols de novo, and thus must acquire lipids from host cells (7). The parasite is capable of synthesizing only phospholipids and triacylglycerols from precursors obtained from the host such as the low-density lipoproteins (LDL) of the blood in which the parasites reside (8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LDL receptors have been identified on the surface of schistosome membranes (9). The fraction of fatty acids can subsequently be modified, mainly by chain elongation (7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sm14 gene expression in different stages of the Schistosoma mansoni life cycle and immunolocalization of the Sm14 protein within the adult worm

Brito

Oliveira²,

Oliveira

et al. 2002

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Sm14 is a 14-kDa vaccine candidate antigen from Schistosoma mansoni that seems to be involved in cytoplasmic trafficking of fatty acids. Although schistosomes have a high requirement for lipids, they are not able to synthesize fatty acids and sterols de novo. Thus, they must acquire host lipids. In order to determine whether Sm14 is present in different stages of the life cycle of the parasite, we performed RT-PCR. Sm14 mRNA was identified in all stages of the life cycle studied, mainly schistosomulum, adult worm and egg. Additionally, we used a rabbit anti-Sm14 polyclonal antibody in an indirect immunofluorescence assay to localize Sm14 in adult worm sections. The basal lamella of the tegument and the gut epithelium were strongly labeled. These tissues have a high flow of and demand for lipids, a finding that supports the putative role of Sm14 as an intracellular transporter of fatty acids from host cells.

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“…These are a large family of proteins with affi nity for fatty acids, present in vertebrates and invertebrates [18]. Trematodes are unable to synthesize their own sterols, saturated or unsaturated fatty acids de novo [19] and rely on the uptake of lipids (long chain fatty acids and cholesterol) from host serum, which are the main ingredients for the synthesis of the tegumental surface membrane. These parasites utilize cytoplasmic and plasmalemmal FABPs to traffi c the precursors of fatty acids from the host serum [20].…”

Section: Fatty Acid Binding Protein (Fabp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoprophylactic Control Strategy for Tropical Fasciolosis: A Possibility

Kumar¹,

Maurya²,

Solanki³

et al. 2016

J Vaccines Immunol

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Fasciolosis is a wide spread economically important helminthosis caused by Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica and considered as a limiting factor for domestic livestock production. The strategic control measures against fasciolosis mainly depend upon judicious use of the anti-fl uke drugs. Repeated applications and need for skilled labour make chemotherapy for fasciolosis a more costly affair. Chemotherapy has certain limitations on account of development of resistance to anthelmintics. Since the cost of treatment impedes application of chemotherapy within the rural areas of developing countries, other control measures such as development of vaccines are therefore, warranted. Attempts made to confer acquired resistance in ruminants against the disease, using viable attenuated metacercariae, crude somatic antigens excretory/secretary products, native, recombinant and peptide antigens with different adjuvant formulations and / or passive transfer of immunity through serum / immune cells of infected host have been partly successful.

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Lipid metabolism in the parasitic and free-living flatworms, Schistosoma mansoni and Dugesia dorotocephala

Cited by 203 publications

References 15 publications

Production of Eicosanoids and Other Oxylipins by Pathogenic Eukaryotic Microbes

Production of Eicosanoids and Other Oxylipins by Pathogenic Eukaryotic Microbes

Sm14 gene expression in different stages of the Schistosoma mansoni life cycle and immunolocalization of the Sm14 protein within the adult worm

Immunoprophylactic Control Strategy for Tropical Fasciolosis: A Possibility

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