Lipid membranes in external electric fields: Kinetics of large pore formation causing rupture

Recent developments in the kinetics of ruptures of giant vesicles under constant tension

“…49 Subsequently, various experiments and theories have been used for analyzing pore closure dynamics, in which larger pores are formed by stretching. [50][51][52] To understand the mechanism of tension-induced rupture of GUVs, the kinetics of rupture have been investigated in various studies 38,46,53,54 in which constant tension was not considered. Additionally, the kinetics (i.e., rate constants) of rupture have been extensively studied using constant electric and mechanical tension.…”

Measuring Voltage–Current Characteristics of Tethered Bilayer Lipid Membranes to Determine the Electro-Insertion Properties of Analytes

“…The electrical response of tBLMs with certain substances incorporated within them has been given a deal of attention due to the stable properties of these membranes [1,2]. Most of the studies that have investigated the effect of electric fields on cell membranes agree that the application of an electric field to a lipid membrane results in structural changes and induces pores in the membrane through the molecular arrangement of the lipid molecules [3][4][5][6]. These structural defects also affect the membrane's conductive properties.…”

Cyclic Activity of an Osmotically Stressed Liposome in a Finite Hypotonic Environment

“…Specifically, the solute might be substituted by a chemical agent of pharmacological significance for a health-care application. In this case, a pulsatory liposome can release drugs in a programmable fashion at a strategic location of a targeted tissue. , …”