Lipid composition of tropical and subtropical copepod species of the genus Rhincalanus (Copepoda: Eucalanidae): a novel fatty acid and alcohol signature

Cass, Christine J.; Wakeham, Stuart G.; Daly, Kendra L.

doi:10.3354/meps09324

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…PAHs are lipophilic and are usually accumulated in the lipids of organisms. Although lipid content is highly variable among species and groups of zooplankton, gelatinous zooplankton frequently have lipid content by dry weight that is an order of magnitude lower than crustacean zooplankton [118]–[122] and within gelatinous zooplankton, scyphozoans (medusa) generally have more lipids than ctenophores [119].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Crude Oil Exposure on Bioaccumulation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Survival of Adult and Larval Stages of Gelatinous Zooplankton

et al. 2013

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Gelatinous zooplankton play an important role in marine food webs both as major consumers of metazooplankton and as prey of apex predators (e.g., tuna, sunfish, sea turtles). However, little is known about the effects of crude oil spills on these important components of planktonic communities. We determined the effects of Louisiana light sweet crude oil exposure on survival and bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in adult stages of the scyphozoans Pelagia noctiluca and Aurelia aurita and the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi, and on survival of ephyra larvae of A. aurita and cydippid larvae of M. leidyi, in the laboratory. Adult P. noctiluca showed 100% mortality at oil concentration ≥20 µL L−1 after 16 h. In contrast, low or non-lethal effects were observed on adult stages of A. aurita and M. leidyi exposed at oil concentration ≤25 µL L−1 after 6 days. Survival of ephyra and cydippid larva decreased with increasing crude oil concentration and exposition time. The median lethal concentration (LC50) for ephyra larvae ranged from 14.41 to 0.15 µL L−1 after 1 and 3 days, respectively. LC50 for cydippid larvae ranged from 14.52 to 8.94 µL L−1 after 3 and 6 days, respectively. We observed selective bioaccumulation of chrysene, phenanthrene and pyrene in A. aurita and chrysene, pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, and benzo[a]anthracene in M. leidyi. Overall, our results indicate that (1) A. aurita and M. leidyi adults had a high tolerance to crude oil exposure compared to other zooplankton, whereas P. noctiluca was highly sensitive to crude oil, (2) larval stages of gelatinous zooplankton were more sensitive to crude oil than adult stages, and (3) some of the most toxic PAHs of crude oil can be bioaccumulated in gelatinous zooplankton and potentially be transferred up the food web and contaminate apex predators.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Crude Oil Exposure on Bioaccumulation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Survival of Adult and Larval Stages of Gelatinous Zooplankton

et al. 2013

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“…Of the potential prey groups we compared with whale sharks, FA signatures of deep-water species were among those grouping closest to the sharks. These included bathypelagic shrimps and mysids (Lophogastridae, Oplophoridae and Pasiphaeidae) caught between 1000 and 4000 m depth (Lewis 1967), cumaceans from 600 m depth (Würzberg et al 2011), copepods from between 200 and 300 m depth (Cass et al 2011) and the deep-water fish Myctophum nitidulum from 50 to 1000 m depth (Lewis 1967). This trend was not unanimous, with some bathypelagic fishes and copepods from similar depths grouping further away from whale sharks.…”

Section: Feeding At Depthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bathypelagic crustaceans had as much as 77% (of TFA) oleic acid (Lewis 1967). Other specimens with a high (> 20%) oleic acid content included the copepod species from 200 to 300 m depth (Cass et al 2011), deep-water fishes Myctophum nitidulum and Leuroglossus stilbus (Lewis 1967), as well as plankton from an upwelling zone in Chile (Escribano & Perez 2010), fish eggs (Tamaru et al 1992, Nguyen et al 2012) and a brown algae, Dictyota dichotoma . Whale sharks also contained high levels of oleic acid (16.0 ± 2.5% TFA) -more than the surface plankton collected at Praia do Tofo (5.4 ± 3.5% TFA; t = 13.01, p > 0.001).…”

Section: Feeding At Depthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, whale sharks have been observed feeding on Acartia copepods in Mexico (Nelson & Eckert 2007); we therefore included FA signatures of Acartia (Cotonnec et al 2001, Escribano & Perez 2010 and other copepod species (Jeffs et al 2004, Cass et al 2011. Only prey FA profiles containing essential FA ARA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5ω3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6ω3) were used in the analysis.…”

Section: Signature Fatty Acid Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diet of whale sharks Rhincodon typus inferred from stomach content and signature fatty acid analyses

Rohner¹,

Couturier²,

Richardson³

et al. 2013

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Deep-sea organisms are richer in C18:1 FAs compared to those from shallow waters and in the liver oils of deep-sea sharks, PUFAs constitute only minor components (1 -13 %) (Bakes and Nichols, 1995). Specifically, oleic acid (18:1w9c) increases with depth and is common in bathypelagic crustaceans and fishes (Lewis, 1967), along with upper mesopelagic copepods (0 -300m) (Cass et al, 2011) and upper and lower mesopelagic (500 -1000m) zooplankton (Wilson et al, 2010). Additionally, the most common mesopelagic zooplankton off neighbouring Peru, E. macronata, is known to produce major amounts of C18 fatty acids, with oleic acid being the most abundant (Wakeham et al, 1983).…”

Section: Other Fatty Acids Potentially Derived From Dietmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding ecology and habitat use of the giant manta ray Manta birostris at a key aggregation site off mainland Ecuador

Burgess¹

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Manta rays (Manta spp.) are among the largest elasmobranch fishes and currently comprise two recognised species, the reef manta ray Manta alfredi and the giant manta ray Manta birostris. Both Manta spp. have circumglobal distributions in tropical and temperate oceans, however, M. alfredi is more commonly encountered in coastal environments, whereas M. birostris is generally more elusive and typically sighted offshore. As such, collection of information on the feeding ecology, and the identification of drivers of habitat use for M. birostris has been difficult, particularly given the paucity of accessible and predictable locations where this species occurs. A newly discovered aggregation site at Isla de la Plata, off mainland Ecuador, hosts the largest known population of M. birostris from June to October each year, with over 2400 individuals recorded since 2009. However, the drivers for this seasonal aggregation within the Humboldt upwelling system are unknown. As aggregative behaviour of planktivorous elasmobranchs is often attributed to food availability, the aim of this study was to examine whether feeding opportunities constitute the primary driver of this sizeable aggregation of M. birostris at Isla de la Plata. We first define the inter-annual and seasonal variation in recorded numbers of M. birostris and investigate the relationship between M. birostris sightings and environmental variables at Isla de la Plata. The primary source of variability in physical processes and biological production in the Humboldt Current upwelling system is the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), where primary production declines during the negative El Niño phase, and increases during the positive La Niña phase. Data comprising the daily sightings of M. birostris were collected over a five-year period (2011-2015), and a generalised linear model was used to identify the effect of El Niño on the presence of individual M. birostris. Overall, month and ENSO activity explained 27.7 % of the variability in M. birostris sightings between years. The number of individual M. birostris sighted off mainland Ecuador was significantly higher during years with La Niña and neutral ENSO conditions in comparison to El Niño conditions, suggesting that overall food availability in this region is likely to be important for this species. To investigate the importance of local food availability and occurrence of M. birostris at Isla de la Plata, we determined near-surface zooplankton biomass, size structure and community composition in relation to M. birostris daytime foraging activity. When M. birostris was feeding there was higher zooplankton biomass in comparison to background non-feeding events. However, foraging activity was rarely observed at this aggregation site (6 % of all observations), which suggests that local food iii availability at Isla de la Plata during the day is not a major driver of M. birostris aggregative behaviour. In comparison, cleaning was the most common behaviour recorded during daytime hours (54 % of all observations), wi...

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Lipid composition of tropical and subtropical copepod species of the genus Rhincalanus (Copepoda: Eucalanidae): a novel fatty acid and alcohol signature

Cited by 12 publications

References 48 publications

Effects of Crude Oil Exposure on Bioaccumulation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Survival of Adult and Larval Stages of Gelatinous Zooplankton

Effects of Crude Oil Exposure on Bioaccumulation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Survival of Adult and Larval Stages of Gelatinous Zooplankton

Diet of whale sharks Rhincodon typus inferred from stomach content and signature fatty acid analyses

Feeding ecology and habitat use of the giant manta ray Manta birostris at a key aggregation site off mainland Ecuador

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