Linking Local Appreciation with Conservation of an Edible Fruit Species: The Case Study of Ilama (<i>Annona diversifolia</i> Saff.) in Tierra Caliente, Mexico

Abstract

The ilama tree (Annona diversifolia Saff.) is an underutilized fruit species from Mesoamerica with a noteworthy variability in southern Mexico. The present study describes differences in knowledge and appreciation of the fruit among inhabitants from different communities in Southern Mexico, as well as differences among their ilama trees. The study took place in Tierra Caliente, a region located in the states of Guerrero and the State of Mexico. Interviews were administered in three different communities as an attempt to associate the natural morphologic variation of plants and locals' knowledge and use of the tree in order to identify their implications for conservation. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis, and the results suggest that the morphological variation of the plants and the commercial importance of ilama are well known by locals. Indigenous community inhabitants prefer and select only white pulp trees, whereas mestizo communities promote and conserve plants with white, red, purple, and blue pulp. Germplasm flow is dynamic in the region, and ilama fruit represents a different economic value for each community. Selling the fruit is the primary goal, but not specifically its conservation and promotion. Implications for in situ conservation of ilama in Mexico are discussed.

In Vivo, In Vitro and In Silico Anticancer Activity of Ilama Leaves: An Edible and Medicinal Plant in Mexico

“…Ilama has become one of the best known, commercialized and extensively studied species in recent years considering its therapeutic potential and traditional use. The fruit of this plant is used as food, but its leaves are a waste product at the agro-industrial level [3,4].…”

“…In this context, it is important to highlight that several studies of different extracts obtained from ilama leaves have shown that they possess flavonoid glycosides, acyclic sesquiterpenoids and an aliphatic ketone. In the case of pharmacological studies, ilama leaves exhibited anxiolytic, antinociceptive, anticonvulsant, antihyperglycemic and antiepileptic effects [2][3][4][5][6].…”