Linking Host Prokaryotic Physiology to Viral Lifestyle Dynamics in a Temperate Freshwater Lake (Lake Pavin, France)

Palesse, Stéphanie; Colombet, Jonathan; Ram, Anirudh; Sime-Ngando, Télesphore

doi:10.1007/s00248-014-0441-2

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Although mitomycin C dosage may be tailored in single-strain systems, when dosing mixed communities an unknown proportion of organisms or lineages may be underdosed, overdosed or correctly dosed at any given dose 11 . Although it is unclear what any FCIC value really means, the observed variability in FCIC may be indicative of the taxonomic or physiological state of organisms in a given sample 29,30 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability and host density independence in inductions-based estimates of environmental lysogeny

et al. 2017

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Temperate bacterial viruses (phages) may enter a symbiosis with their host cell, forming a unit called a lysogen. Infection and viral replication are disassociated in lysogens until an induction event such as DNA damage occurs, triggering viral-mediated lysis. The lysogen-lytic viral reproduction switch is central to viral ecology, with diverse ecosystem impacts. It has been argued that lysogeny is favoured in phages at low host densities. This paradigm is based on the fraction of chemically inducible cells (FCIC) lysogeny proxy determined using DNA-damaging mitomycin C inductions. Contrary to the established paradigm, a survey of 39 inductions publications found FCIC to be highly variable and pervasively insensitive to bacterial host density at global, within-environment and within-study levels. Attempts to determine the source(s) of variability highlighted the inherent complications in using the FCIC proxy in mixed communities, including dissociation between rates of lysogeny and FCIC values. Ultimately, FCIC studies do not provide robust measures of lysogeny or consistent evidence of either positive or negative host density dependence to the lytic-lysogenic switch. Other metrics are therefore needed to understand the drivers of the lytic-lysogenic decision in viral communities and to test models of the host density-dependent viral lytic-lysogenic switch.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability and host density independence in inductions-based estimates of environmental lysogeny

et al. 2017

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“…The adsorption of DOM and nutrients to BC particles may also create microniches that could serve as hot spots for microbial activity (though our data were not collected on a scale to reveal such activity). Ultimately, by impacting the physiological state of bacteria and their overall community metabolism, the bacterial utilization of black carbon becomes a potential factor influencing viral life strategies in aquatic systems (Maurice et al, 2013;Palesse et al, 2014). Previous reports have suggested that virally mediated bacterial mortality decreases with an increase in BC concentration (Mari et al, 2014;Malits et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial-viral interactions in the sea surface microlayer of a black carbon-dominated tropical coastal ecosystem (Halong Bay, Vietnam)

Ram

Mari

Brune

et al. 2018

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

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Increasing human activity has raised concerns about the impact of deposition of anthropogenic combustion aerosols (i.e., black carbon; BC) on marine processes. The sea surface microlayer (SML) is a key gate for the introduction of atmospheric BC into the ocean; however, relatively little is known of the effects of BC on bacteria-virus interactions, which can strongly influence microbially mediated processes. To study the impact of BC on bacteria-virus interactions, field investigations involving collection from the SML and underlying water were carried out in Halong Bay (Vietnam). Most inorganic nutrient concentrations, as well as dissolved organic carbon, were modestly but significantly higher (p = 0.02-0.05) in the SML than in underlying water. The concentrations of particulate organic carbon (though not chlorophyll a) and of total particulate carbon, which was composed largely of particulate BC (mean = 1.7 ± 6.4 mmol L -1 ), were highly enriched in the SML, and showed high variability among stations. On average, microbial abundances (both bacteria and viruses) and bacterial production were 2-and 5fold higher, respectively, in the SML than in underlying water. Significantly lower bacterial production (p < 0.01) was observed in the particulate fraction (>3 µm) compared to the bulk sample, but our data overall suggest that bacterial production in the SML was stimulated by particulate BC. Higher bacterial production in the SML than in underlying water supported high viral lytic infection rates (from 5.3 to 30.1%) which predominated over percent lysogeny (from undetected to 1.4%). The sorption of dissolved organic carbon by black carbon, accompanied by the high lytic infection rate in the black carbon-enriched SML, may modify microbially mediated processes and shift the net ecosystem metabolism (ratio of production and respiration) to net heterotrophy and CO 2 production in this critical layer between ocean and atmosphere.

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“…It has been suggested that proviruses are common within prokaryotic communities with some results suggesting that 60% of bacteria harbour at least one prophage (Casjens, 2003;Edwards & Rohwer, 2005) and others reporting that the frequency of lysogeny in marine bacteria is 40% (Jiang & Paul, 1994Paul, 2008), between 0.1 and 16% in temperate lakes and between 0 and 73% in Antarctic lakes (Sime-Ngando & Colombet, 2009). Recent studies suggest that lysogeny may represent a transitional state or stress response to abiotic changes experienced by hosts (Palesse et al, 2014). However, explanations of results on lysogeny remain ambiguous (Weinbauer, 2004).…”

Section: (1) Factors Enhancing Vprmentioning

confidence: 97%

Deciphering the virus‐to‐prokaryote ratio (VPR): insights into virus–host relationships in a variety of ecosystems

et al. 2016

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The discovery of the numerical importance of viruses in a variety of (aquatic) ecosystems has changed our perception of their importance in microbial processes. Bacteria and Archaea undoubtedly represent the most abundant cellular life forms on Earth and past estimates of viral numbers (represented mainly by viruses infecting prokaryotes) have indicated abundances at least one order of magnitude higher than that of their cellular hosts. Such dominance has been reflected most often by the virus-to-prokaryote ratio (VPR), proposed as a proxy for the relationship between viral and prokaryotic communities. VPR values have been discussed in the literature to express viral numerical dominance (or absence of it) over their cellular hosts, but the ecological meaning and interpretation of this ratio has remained somewhat nebulous or contradictory. We gathered data from 210 publications (and additional unpublished data) on viral ecology with the aim of exploring VPR. The results are presented in three parts: the first consists of an overview of the minimal, maximal and calculated average VPR values in an extensive variety of different environments. Results indicate that VPR values fluctuate over six orders of magnitude, with variations observed within each ecosystem. The second part investigates the relationship between VPR and other indices, in order to assess whether VPR can provide insights into virus-host relationships. A positive relationship was found between VPR and viral abundance (VA), frequency of visibly infected cells (FVIC), burst size (BS), frequency of lysogenic cells (FLC) and chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration. An inverse relationship was detected between VPR and prokaryotic abundance (PA) (in sediments), prokaryotic production (PP) and virus-host contact rates (VCR) as well as salinity and temperature. No significant relationship was found between VPR and viral production (VP), fraction of mortality from viral lysis (FMVL), viral decay rate (VDR), viral turnover (VT) or depth. Finally, we summarize our results by proposing two scenarios in two contrasting environments, based on current theories on viral ecology as well as the present results. We conclude that since VPR fluctuates in every habitat for different reasons, as it is linked to a multitude of factors related to virus-host dynamics, extreme caution should be used when inferring relationships between viruses and their hosts. Furthermore, we posit that the VPR is only useful in specific, controlled conditions, e.g. for the monitoring of fluctuations in viral and host abundance over time.

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Linking Host Prokaryotic Physiology to Viral Lifestyle Dynamics in a Temperate Freshwater Lake (Lake Pavin, France)

Cited by 15 publications

References 42 publications

Variability and host density independence in inductions-based estimates of environmental lysogeny

Variability and host density independence in inductions-based estimates of environmental lysogeny

Bacterial-viral interactions in the sea surface microlayer of a black carbon-dominated tropical coastal ecosystem (Halong Bay, Vietnam)

Deciphering the virus‐to‐prokaryote ratio (VPR): insights into virus–host relationships in a variety of ecosystems

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