Link Budget Analysis for Backscatter-Based Passive IoT

Galappaththige, Diluka Loku; Rezaei, Fatemeh; Tellambura, Chintha; Herath, Sanjeewa P.

doi:10.1109/access.2022.3227499

Cited by 32 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 253 publications

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“…Thus, we consider the power-splitting mode, which is widely used for passive tags [29]. The tag modulation process is described in [7].…”

Section: B Data Transmission and Eh At The Tagmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, they are inexpensive -less than one or two dollars per tag -and do not require batteries (so they last for many years). Hence, tags eschew active RF components, resulting in ultra-low-power consumption, low complexity, and low cost, which are massive benefits [7]. Energy harvesting (EH) can power tags, which save batteries and associated costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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NOMA-Assisted Symbiotic Backscatter: Novel Beamforming Designs Under Imperfect SIC

Rezaei¹,

Galappaththige²,

Tellambura³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Optimal beamforming designs under imperfect successive interference cancellation (SIC) decoding for a symbiotic network of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) primary users and a secondary ambient tag have been lacking. We address that issue here. The primary base station (BS) serves NOMA users and a passive tag simultaneously in this network. We develop two transmit beamforming designs to meet the user and tag requirements while mitigating the effect of imperfect SIC. Specifically, we design optimal BS transmit beamforming and power allocation to either maximize the weighted sum rate of NOMA users and the tag or minimize the BS transmit power under the minimum rate requirements while satisfying the tag's minimum energy requirement. Because both these problems are non-convex, we propose algorithms using alternative optimization, fractional programming, and semi-definite relaxation techniques. We also analyze their computational complexity. Finally, we present extensive numerical results to validate the proposed schemes and to show significant performance gains while keeping the tag design intact. For example, the proposed digital beamforming increases the harvested power and data rate by 2.16×10 3 % and 314.5 % compared to random beamforming.

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“…Thus, we consider the power-splitting mode, which is widely used for passive tags [29]. The tag modulation process is described in [7].…”

Section: B Data Transmission and Eh At The Tagmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NOMA-Assisted Symbiotic Backscatter: Novel Beamforming Designs Under Imperfect SIC

Rezaei¹,

Galappaththige²,

Tellambura³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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show abstract

“…These challenges open a vast array of research questions. Very few of those have been explored [4], [5]. Inspired by them, we consider the problem of supporting the energy needs of multiple tags over a large coverage area such as a warehouse with a bistatic backscatter (BiBC) network of dedicated access points (APs)/radio frequency (RF) sources (see Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In scenarios like those mentioned, backscatter tags are favored due to their cost-effectiveness and minimal energy consumption (a few nW-µW). They reflect RF signals from the RF source to transmit data to a reader, whether it is a dedicated or cooperative one [4]- [6], thus optimizing spectrum utilization and reducing the need for additional spectrum allocations. Tags find utility in IoT networks, enhancing both spectrum and energy efficiency [4]- [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RIS-Empowered Ambient Backscatter Communication Systems

Galappaththige

Rezaei

Tellambura

et al. 2023

IEEE Wireless Commun. Lett.

Self Cite

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This study introduces and investigates the integration of a cell-free architecture with bistatic backscatter communication (BiBC), referred to as cell-free BiBC or distributed access point (AP)-assisted BiBC, which can enable potential applications in future (EH)-based Internet-of-Things (IoT) networks. To that purpose, we first present a pilot-based channel estimation scheme for estimating the direct, cascaded, forward channels of the proposed system setup. We next utilize the channel estimates for designing the optimal beamforming weights at the APs, reflection coefficients at the tags, and reception filters at the reader to maximize the tag sum rate while meeting the tags' minimum energy requirements. Because the proposed maximization problem is non-convex, we propose a solution based on alternative optimization, fractional programming, and Rayleigh quotient techniques. We also quantify the computational complexity of the developed algorithms. Finally, we present extensive numerical results to validate the proposed channel estimation scheme and optimization framework, as well as the performance of the integration of these two technologies. Compared to the random beamforming/combining benchmark, our algorithm yields impressive gains. For example, it achieves ∼ 64.8 % and ∼ 253.5 % gains in harvested power and tag sum rate, respectively, for 10 dBm with 36 APs and 3 tags.

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“…Therefore, one challenge is to support the massive IoT devices within a limited spectrum resource block. Another challenge arises from the energy constraint because most IoT devices are passive and cannot be equipped with a battery [6]. Thus, energy cooperation among different devices has become an important topic in IoT networks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Backscatter‐assisted Non‐orthogonal multiple access network for next generation communication

Xie

Ding

2023

IET Signal Processing

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Non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technique introduces spectrum cooperation among different users and devices, which improves spectrum efficiency significantly. Energy‐limited devices benefit from the backscatter (BAC) technique to transmit signals without extra energy consumption. The combination of NOMA and BAC provides a promising solution for Internet of Things (IoT) networks, where massive devices simultaneously transmit and receive signals. This study investigates a system model with two NOMA downlink users and an uplink device. The aim is to maximise the data rate of the uplink device by optimising the power allocation coefficient and the backscattering coefficient. Meanwhile the quality of service requirements of two NOMA users are guaranteed. The closed‐form solution of two optimisation variables is derived, and an alternating algorithm is also proposed to solve the formulated optimisation problem efficiently. The proposed system verifies the feasibility of IoT devices being added into existing networks and provides a promising solution for wireless communication networks in the future.

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Link Budget Analysis for Backscatter-Based Passive IoT

Cited by 32 publications

References 253 publications

NOMA-Assisted Symbiotic Backscatter: Novel Beamforming Designs Under Imperfect SIC

NOMA-Assisted Symbiotic Backscatter: Novel Beamforming Designs Under Imperfect SIC

RIS-Empowered Ambient Backscatter Communication Systems

Backscatter‐assisted Non‐orthogonal multiple access network for next generation communication

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