Linear Growth in Southern Chinese Female Patients With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Leong, Jcy; Low, W. D.; Mok, C K; Kung, Ling-Chang; Yau, Annie

doi:10.1097/00007632-198209000-00011

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…In a study of minifilms Skogland & Miller (1978) found that the incidence of scoliosis among Lapps, who are of small stature (Schreiner 1929), was much lower than in the general population of Northern Norway, 0.5 and 1.3 per cent, respectively. In addition to Willner (1972), Burwell & Dangerfield (1977) and Leong et al (1977) have reported a greater stature among IS patients than healthy controls. Willner demonstrated a significant difference in sitting height, but only after correction for height loss due to the scoliosis (Bjure et al 1968).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

The Length and Proportions of the Thoracolumbar Spine in Children with Idiopathic Scoliosis

Skogland

Miller

1981

Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

The Length and Proportions of the Thoracolumbar Spine in Children with Idiopathic Scoliosis

Skogland

Miller

1981

Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica

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“…Many human studies have correlated disproportionate lengths along the cranio-caudal axis with IS [4,10,11,13,17–20]. However, inconsistencies between studies in sample sizes and methodology (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disproportionate Body Lengths Correlate With Idiopathic-Type Curvature in the Curveback Guppy

Gorman

Breden

2010

Spine

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In both humans and guppies, idiopathic-type spinal curvature is a multi-factorial deformity that exhibits extensive phenotypic variation. This variation is likely a consequence of interactions among genetic, physiological, and environmental factors. Success at identifying the etiology of human idiopathic-type scoliosis (IS) has been limited due to trait complexity and the lack of animal models with a non-induced phenotype similar to humans [1]. Preliminary studies in otherwise healthy guppies have revealed that heritable curvature in curveback has remarkable morphological and developmental similarities to human IS (e.g., no vertebral fusion or breaks, distortion of apical vertebrae, curve onset after birth, variable rates of progression and prognoses for curve magnitude, a female bias for severe curves) [2,3]. Here we explore length variation in the curveback population, because numerous studies have associated IS with tallness and/or abnormal length proportions along the cranio-caudal axis [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21].We surveyed adult curveback females for increased length, because mature females with IS have demonstrated increased cranio-caudal length [4]. We show that among curved fish, the caudal portion of the body is disproportionately longer relative to the pre-caudal body, and this disproportion is positively correlated to curve magnitude. As with anthropometric studies, these results suggest that a growth abnormality may be associated with idiopathic-type spinal curvature. Materials and Methods Study population and data collectionGuppies are live-bearing teleost fish; offspring are born with a fully ossified skeleton after 3 weeks of gestation. Curvature begins after birth and is generally stable by sexual maturity (approximately 1 month past birth) [3]. In cases of severe curvature, curves will progress into early adulthood (up to 2 months after birth). Breeding pairs were maintained in 4L plastic aquaria, and offspring were separated into individual 600 ml plastic containers after birth. All fish are kept under standardized conditions (i.e., flakes fed every afternoon, supplemented with brine shrimp nauplii; 25-26°C; pH 7-9; RO water reconstituted to 1600-1800 ppm salinity with aquarium salts; 14/10 hour light cycle). Adult females were euthanized at a minimum of 3 months past birth. Males were not measured because adult coloration obscures the spine. Euthanized females were photographed on a light table with a digital camera (Toshiba PDR-3310, NYC, USA) under 3X magnification.We measured 246 adult females with curves of varying magnitude, and 75 normal adult females, all from the same pedigree. Curvature is manifest as a sagittal anterior lordosis and posterior kyphosis. A small number of fish exhibit with curvature in the frontal or horizontal planes, and in this study these were omitted. The distribution of curve magnitude is shown in Correspondence and Reprints: Fay Gorman, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, phone...

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“…Many anthropometric studies have correlated disproportionate body lengths with IS in females, suggesting that there may be a growth‐related dysfunction associated with curvature (Dickson and Sevitt, 1982; Leong et al., 1982; Nicolopoulos et al., 1985; Cheung et al., 2003; Escalada et al., 2005). We noticed that curved guppies seemed to have longer tails and so we investigated whether component body lengths among curveback females correlate to curvature.…”

Section: The Curveback Guppy As a Model For The Study Of Human Idiopamentioning

confidence: 99%

Model teleosts for the study of idiopathic-type spinal curvatures: potential biomedical applications

Gorman

Pohl

Ali

et al. 2012

Journal of Applied Ichthyology

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Summary Elucidation of the genetic basis for heritable spinal curvature would be highly beneficial to medicine. Heritable spinal curvature among otherwise healthy children (i.e. idiopathic‐type) accounts for more than 80% of all human spinal curvatures and imposes a substantial healthcare cost through bracing, hospitalizations, surgery, and chronic back pain. Despite the prevalence and impact of heritable spinal curvatures, their genetic architecture and specific genes involved are unknown. With the human idiopathic scoliosis syndrome (IS), the most prevalent idiopathic‐type spinal deformity, the current view is that it is a complex genetic disorder with multiple genes segregating in the population, exhibiting complex genotype by environment interactions. With complex human syndromes that involve interactions among genetic, physiological, and environmental factors, an important experimental approach is to identify genes or biochemical compounds in a model animal with a similar phenotype. Spinal curvature is a prevalent deformity among teleosts. We hypothesize that genetic factors related to curvature in teleosts and humans share common biological pathway(s). This is based on the fact that fish and humans share developmental pathways, physiological mechanisms and organ systems, and that comparative genomics has identified conserved DNA sequences and gene networks. The guppy curveback phenotype has been extensively characterized so that the lineage can be applied as a model for understanding the biological context of heritable spinal curvature. The identification of a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) is a first step in understanding the genetics of this type of deformity and will lead to the identification of important pathways associated with spinal integrity. As a model, curveback demonstrates that teleosts are important for understanding not only the basic biology of heritable spinal curvatures, but also the phenotypic variation that is a consequence of genotypic and environmental interactions. Considering that teleost models are highly tractable and have genomic tools available, their application to human orthopaedic study offers an opportunity for greater insight into the biology of vertebral deformity and integrity.

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Linear Growth in Southern Chinese Female Patients With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

The Length and Proportions of the Thoracolumbar Spine in Children with Idiopathic Scoliosis

The Length and Proportions of the Thoracolumbar Spine in Children with Idiopathic Scoliosis

Disproportionate Body Lengths Correlate With Idiopathic-Type Curvature in the Curveback Guppy

Model teleosts for the study of idiopathic-type spinal curvatures: potential biomedical applications

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