Linear Fiber Impairments Mitigation of 40-Gbit/s Polarization-Multiplexed QPSK by Digital Processing in a Coherent Receiver

Renaudier, Jérémie; Charlet, G.; Salsi, M.; Pardo, Oriol Bertran; Mardoyan, H.; Tran, P.; Bigo, S.

doi:10.1109/jlt.2007.911893

Cited by 97 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Our work suggests the development of polarization chaos communication at higher modulation ratesbeyond 10 GHz -and with compact, low-cost and low threshold microcavity lasers. Today stateof-the-art high bit rate optical communications indeed make use of polarization multiplexing (in combination with phase encoding and coherent detection) and have overcome many of the limitations due to polarization mode dispersion 49 . Integration of polarization encoding/decoding is therefore relevant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deterministic polarization chaos from a laser diode

et al. 2012

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Fifty years after the invention of the laser diode and fourty years after the report of the butterfly effect -i.e. the unpredictability of deterministic chaos, it is said that a laser diode behaves like a damped nonlinear oscillator. Hence no chaos can be generated unless with additional forcing or parameter modulation. Here we report the first counter-example of a free-running laser diode generating chaos. The underlying physics is a nonlinear coupling between two elliptically polarized modes in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser. We identify chaos in experimental time-series and show theoretically the bifurcations leading to single-and double-scroll attractors with characteristics similar to Lorenz chaos. The reported polarization chaos resembles at first sight a noise-driven mode hopping but shows opposite statistical properties. Our findings open up new research areas that combine the high speed performances of microcavity lasers with controllable and integrated sources of optical chaos.The discovery of deterministic chaos -i.e. the aperiodic deterministic dynamics of a nonlinear system showing sensitivity to initial conditions -has been a major paradigm shift overthrowing two centuries of Laplacian viewpoint of dynamical systems [1][2][3][4][5] . Looking into a system behavior with the use of chaos theory has helped to interpret and control many of such ordered or disordered behaviors in our present day life, such as the bifurcations leading to epilepsy and cancer 6 , the stabilization of cardiac arrhythmias 7 , and the improvement of complex behavioral patterns in robotics 8 .Soon after the invention of the laser, the possibility to observe light chaos raised attention. In 1975, Haken discovered an analogy between the Maxwell-Bloch equations for lasers and the Lorenz equations showing chaos 9 . The Maxwell-Bloch equations are three equations for the field E, the polarization P and the carrier inversion N, each with its own relaxation time. However, while in Lorenz equations the relaxation times of the dynamical variables are of similar order of magnitude, they may take very different values in lasers. If one variable relaxes much faster than the others, this variable is adiabatically eliminated, hence resulting in a reduced number of dynamical equations. Therefore, so-called class A (ex: He-Ne, Ar and Dye), class B (ex: Nd:YAG, CO2 and semiconductor) or class C (ex: NH3) lasers have dynamics governed either by a single equation for the field, two equations for the field and population inversion or the full set of equations, respectively. In class A or class B laser systems chaos cannot be observed unless one adds one or several independent control parameters 10 . Chaos has then been reported in, for example, free-running NH3 lasers 11 , He-Ne lasers with modulation of the external field 12 , CO2

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deterministic polarization chaos from a laser diode

et al. 2012

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“…A possible solution to improve PDM-QPSK robustness against SPM and XPM is to improve the phase estimation algorithm. In our simulations, we used a Viterbi&Viterbi [7]. The number of samples used to average the phase was seven.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The enhanced tolerance of PDM-QPSK is due to the constant modulus algorithm (CMA) used at the receiver that acts as a generic adaptive equalizer, thus relaxing the impact of DM [7].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monte Carlo Estimation of PDM-QPSK/OOK and DQPSK/OOK Hybrid Systems Tolerance Against Nonlinear Effects

Bertolini

Serena

Rossi

et al. 2009

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

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Abstract-We compare through Monte Carlo simulations the performance of polarization-division multiplexed quadrature phase-shift keying (PDM-QPSK)/on-off keying (OOK) and differential QPSK (DQPSK)/OOK hybrid systems, taking into account nonlinear phase noise. DQPSK turns out to be better with optimal dispersion-management, while PDM-QPSK proves to be a good candidate for bit rates higher than 40 Gb/s.

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“…The number of represented labels in PSK format can be increased by employing multiple phases such as four phases as quadri-PSK (QPSK). Optical circuits for detecting QPSK signal have been investigated for receivers in communication systems (Renaudier et al, 2008). When QPSK labels are introduced in label routing system, optical processing of the QPSK labels is required.…”

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confidence: 99%