“…The demands of indoor position sensing arise in various applications, such as human guiding [2], public security [3], classified advertisements [4], valuables monitoring [5], emergency rescue [6], underground parking [7] and augmented reality [8]. Researchers have investigated a wide variety of wireless signals with different physical properties or protocols for indoor position sensing, including infrared signals [9], ultrasound signals [10], and radio signals such as the Bluetooth [11], radio frequency identification (RFID) signals [12], ultra-wideband (UWB) signals [13], and Wi-Fi signals. Among those techniques, the Wi-Fi-based indoor position sensing has the advantages of low infrastructure cost and high reliability, since Wi-Fi networks are now extensively accessible in the residential areas, office spaces, and commercial districts.…”