Lineage 1 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Attenuated Live Vaccine Provides Broad Cross-Protection against Homologous and Heterologous NADC30-Like Virus Challenge in Piglets

Zhang, Hongliang; Xiang, Lirun; Xu, Hanfu; Li, Chao; Tang, Yan-Dong; Gong, Bangjun; Zhang, Wenli; Zhao, Jing; Song, Shanshan; Peng, Jinmei; Wang, Qian; An, Tongqing; Cai, Xuehui; Tian, Zhen

doi:10.3390/vaccines10050752

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Signifcant diferences between two groups were determined using a t-test (and nonparametric tests) in GraphPad 5.0 (San Diego, CA, USA). Te level of signifcance was set at p < 0.05 [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Characterization and Pathogenicity of BJEU06-1-Like PRRSV-1 ZD-1 Isolated in China

Gong

Sun

et al. 2023

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-1 and PRRSV-2 have long been cocirculating in China. To date, all PRRSV-1 strains in China have been classified as subtype 1. We investigated the prevalence of PRRSV-1 in several areas of China from 2016 to 2022 and found that BJEU06-1-like strains comprised the main epidemic branch of PRRSV-1. Pathogenicity data for this subgroup are currently lacking. In this study, the Chinese BJEU06-1-like PRRSV-1 strain ZD-1 was isolated from primary alveolar macrophages (PAMs). ZD-1 has undergone no recombination and has a 5-aa discontinuous deletion in the Nsp2 protein, similar to other BJEU06-1-like strains; additionally, ZD-1 has a 26 aa C-terminal truncation in the GP3 gene. Pathogenicity studies revealed that ZD-1 causes obvious clinical symptoms: prolonged fever; reduced body weight; alveolar epithelial proliferation and moderate alveolar diaphragm widening in the lungs; diffuse lymphocytic hyperplasia in the lymph nodes; high levels of viremia in the serum; and elevated viral loads in the lungs, lymph nodes, and tonsils. These results suggested that the BJEU06-1-like PRRSV-1 strain ZD-1 is moderately pathogenic to piglets. This is the first study to evaluate the pathogenicity of the BJEU06-1-like branch in China, enriching the understanding of PRRSV-1 in China.

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“…Signifcant diferences between two groups were determined using a t-test (and nonparametric tests) in GraphPad 5.0 (San Diego, CA, USA). Te level of signifcance was set at p < 0.05 [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Characterization and Pathogenicity of BJEU06-1-Like PRRSV-1 ZD-1 Isolated in China

Gong

Sun

et al. 2023

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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“…Since 2016, NADC30-like PRRSV has become the major endemic strain in China ( 9 , 39 ). A candidate live attenuated vaccine (SD-R strain) against NADC30-like PRRSV was developed by our laboratory, which has higher safety, provides complete clinical protection for piglets against homologous and heterologous NADC30-like PRRSVs ( 32 ) and NADC34-like PRRSV (unpublished), and significantly improves daily weight gain and decreases viremia ( 32 ). Thus, SD-R could provide good protection against lineage 1 branch PRRSV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heterologous cross-protection by most PRRS vaccines is an obvious deficiency and is also the focus of veterinary researchers. In a previous study, we developed an attenuated lineage 1 PRRSV vaccine (SD-R) that provides safe and effective protection against homologous NADC30-like PRRSV and heterologous NADC30-like PRRSV challenges ( 32 ). Furthermore, SD-R could provide effective protection against NADC34-like PRRSV (unpublished data).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective efficacy of a candidate live attenuated vaccine derived from the SD-R strain of lineage 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus against a lethal challenge with HP-PRRSV HuN4 in piglets

Zhang,

Li,

et al. 2023

Microbiol Spectr

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an important pathogen endangering the swine industry worldwide. Our previous study confirmed that the live attenuated vaccine SD-R strain could provide broad cross-protection against homologous and heterologous NADC30-like viruses. However, it is unclear whether SD-R can provide protection for piglets against HP-PRRSV. In the present study, 4-week-old PRRSV-free piglets were vaccinated intramuscularly with 10 6.2 TCID 50 of SD-R and then challenged intramuscularly (2 mL) and intranasally (2 mL) with HP-PRRSV HuN4 (1 × 10 5.0 TCID 50 /mL). The results showed that two of five piglets died in the HuN4 challenge group and five of five immunized piglets survived in the immune challenge group. Five piglets in the HuN4 challenge group had a fever for 6–12 days and showed obvious clinical symptoms, but 3 of 5 piglets had a fever for only 1 day at 5 days post inoculation, and only 1 of the 5 piglets in the immune challenge group had a cough. Compared to challenged control piglets, vaccinated piglets had significantly improved daily weight gain and obviously alleviated pathological lesions. Furthermore, piglets immunized with SD-R had reduced thymus atrophy caused by HP-PRRSV HuN4. These results demonstrate that the lineage 1 PRRSV attenuated vaccine SD-R strain provides protection against lethal HP-PRRSV HuN4 challenge. As such, it is a promising vaccine candidate for use against PRRSV infection. IMPORTANCE Both highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) and NADC30-like PRRSV have caused tremendous economic losses to the Chinese pig industry. In this study, a good challenge model was established to evaluate the protection afforded by the candidate SD-R vaccine against infection with a representative HP-PRRSV strain (HuN4). The control piglets in the challenge experiment displayed obvious clinical symptoms of PRRSV infection, with a mortality rate up to 40%. In contrast, all the piglets in the vaccinated challenged group survived, and only some pigs had transient fever. The daily gain of SD-R immunized group piglets was significantly increased, and the pathological changes were significantly reduced. In addition, the viral replication levels in the serum of the immunized group were significantly lower than those of the challenged control group. The live attenuated vaccine SD-R strain can provide protection against HP-PRRSV challenge, indicating that the SD-R strain is a promising vaccine candidate for use in the swine industry.

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“…It has been shown that PRRSV loses its virulence due to adaptation to MARC-145 cells in vitro resulting in an attenuated phenotype in vivo ( 57 ). Furthermore, PRRS MLVs can be generated by in vitro passaging leading to attenuation ( 58 , 59 ). The LV strain has a 99.76% sequence homology to the PRRSV field isolate IVI-1173 (Genbank Accession number KX622783.1) that caused a PRRSV outbreak in Switzerland (2012) ( 60 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of PRRSV-1 vaccination and infection on mononuclear immune cells at the maternal-fetal interface

Stas

Kreutzmann

Stadler³

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most devastating viruses for the global swine industry. Infection during late gestation causes reproductive failure but the local immune response in utero remains poorly understood. In this study, an experimental PRRSV-infection model with two different PRRSV-1 field isolates was used to investigate the immune cell phenotypes at the maternal-fetal interface during late gestation. In addition, phenotypic changes induced by a modified live virus (MLV, ReproCyc® PRRS EU) vaccine were studied. Vaccinated (n = 12) and non-vaccinated pregnant gilts (n = 12) were challenged with either one of the PRRSV-1 field isolates (low vs. high virulent, LV or HV) or sham-inoculated at day 84 of gestation. Twenty-one days post infection all gilts were euthanized and the fetal preservation status for all fetuses per litter was assessed. Leukocytes from the maternal-fetal interface were isolated and PRRSV-induced changes were investigated using ex vivo phenotyping by flow cytometry. PRRSV load in tissue from the maternal endometrium (ME) and fetal placenta (FP) was determined by RT-qPCR. In the ME, a vast increase in CD8β T cells with CD8αposCD27dim early effector phenotype was found for fetuses from the non-vaccinated LV and HV-challenged gilts, compared to non-treated and vaccinated-only controls. HV-challenged fetuses also showed significant increases of lymphocytes with effector phenotypes in the FP, including NKp46pos NK cells, CD8αhigh γδ T cells, as well as CD8αposCD27pos/dim CD4 and CD8 T cells. In vaccinated animals, this common activation of effector phenotypes was more confined and the fetal preservation status significantly improved. Furthermore, a negative correlation between the viral load and CD163highCD169pos mononuclear phagocytic cells was observed in the FP of HV-infected animals. These results suggest that the strong expansion of effector lymphocytes in gilts that were only infected causes immune-pathogenesis rather than protection. In contrast, the attenuated MLV seems to dampen this effect, yet presumably induces memory cells that limit reproductive failure. This work provides valuable insights into changes of local immune cell phenotypes following PRRSV vaccination and infection.

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Lineage 1 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Attenuated Live Vaccine Provides Broad Cross-Protection against Homologous and Heterologous NADC30-Like Virus Challenge in Piglets

Cited by 7 publications

References 61 publications

Genomic Characterization and Pathogenicity of BJEU06-1-Like PRRSV-1 ZD-1 Isolated in China

Genomic Characterization and Pathogenicity of BJEU06-1-Like PRRSV-1 ZD-1 Isolated in China

Protective efficacy of a candidate live attenuated vaccine derived from the SD-R strain of lineage 1 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus against a lethal challenge with HP-PRRSV HuN4 in piglets

Influence of PRRSV-1 vaccination and infection on mononuclear immune cells at the maternal-fetal interface

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