Limiting Membranes of the Sensory Retina and Pigment Epithelium

Nanoscale Topographic and Biomechanical Studies of the Human Internal Limiting Membrane

“…To the best of our knowledge, this continuous vitreal side basic stratum has not been described before. Thickness distributions closely match earlier ILM thickness findings, 8 although ILM thickness under in vivo conditions is roughly four times higher than previously suggested based on LM and TEM analyses 7,8 and consistent with previous AFM examinations of human ILM segments from outside the posterior pole. 3 Analyses of ILM stiffness matched thickness findings with respect to geographical distribution, with higher stiffness values in the central segment compared with the midperipheral quadrants.…”

Nanoscale Topographic and Biomechanical Studies of the Human Internal Limiting Membrane

“…To the best of our knowledge, this continuous vitreal side basic stratum has not been described before. Thickness distributions closely match earlier ILM thickness findings, 8 although ILM thickness under in vivo conditions is roughly four times higher than previously suggested based on LM and TEM analyses 7,8 and consistent with previous AFM examinations of human ILM segments from outside the posterior pole. 3 Analyses of ILM stiffness matched thickness findings with respect to geographical distribution, with higher stiffness values in the central segment compared with the midperipheral quadrants.…”

Posterior Vitreous Detachment and the Posterior Hyaloid Membrane

“…33 The ultrastructure of the internal limiting membrane has been well characterized by electron microscopy. The original descriptions by Fine 34 and Fine and Tousimis 35 have been confirmed and reiterated in several subsequent studies 36e40 and have been expanded further by Foos. 41 Foos described variations of the internal limiting membrane in 3 distinct topographic zones within the eye; in the basal zone, the internal limiting membrane was uniformly thin, but it was reported to be progressively and irregularly thickened in the equatorial and posterior zones, in addition to showing loss of the anteriorly observed Müller vitreal surface attachment plaques in the posterior zone.…”

Split Outer Plexiform Layer Appearance Represents an Acquired Cone Dysfunction Phenotype of Autoimmune Retinopathy

“…The exact histopathologic correlates to the hyperreflective bands in SOPLA are unclear. However, we suspect that the inner hyperreflective line represents the middle limiting membrane (MLM), as described by Fine and Zimmerman 18 using electron microscopy. The MLM has three distinct zones, including a narrow band of interwoven neurons at the junction of the inner nuclear layer, a central synaptic band, and a thicker band at the outer aspect of the OPL comprising cells and photoreceptor axons.…”

Nanoscale Topographic and Biomechanical Studies of the Human Internal Limiting Membrane

“…To the best of our knowledge, this continuous vitreal side basic stratum has not been described before. Thickness distributions closely match earlier ILM thickness findings, 8 although ILM thickness under in vivo conditions is roughly four times higher than previously suggested based on LM and TEM analyses 7,8 and consistent with previous AFM examinations of human ILM segments from outside the posterior pole. 3 Analyses of ILM stiffness matched thickness findings with respect to geographical distribution, with higher stiffness values in the central segment compared with the midperipheral quadrants.…”

Posterior Vitreous Detachment and the Posterior Hyaloid Membrane

“…33 The ultrastructure of the internal limiting membrane has been well characterized by electron microscopy. The original descriptions by Fine 34 and Fine and Tousimis 35 have been confirmed and reiterated in several subsequent studies 36e40 and have been expanded further by Foos. 41 Foos described variations of the internal limiting membrane in 3 distinct topographic zones within the eye; in the basal zone, the internal limiting membrane was uniformly thin, but it was reported to be progressively and irregularly thickened in the equatorial and posterior zones, in addition to showing loss of the anteriorly observed Müller vitreal surface attachment plaques in the posterior zone.…”

Split Outer Plexiform Layer Appearance Represents an Acquired Cone Dysfunction Phenotype of Autoimmune Retinopathy

“…The exact histopathologic correlates to the hyperreflective bands in SOPLA are unclear. However, we suspect that the inner hyperreflective line represents the middle limiting membrane (MLM), as described by Fine and Zimmerman 18 using electron microscopy. The MLM has three distinct zones, including a narrow band of interwoven neurons at the junction of the inner nuclear layer, a central synaptic band, and a thicker band at the outer aspect of the OPL comprising cells and photoreceptor axons.…”

Nanoscale Topographic and Biomechanical Studies of the Human Internal Limiting Membrane

“…To the best of our knowledge, this continuous vitreal side basic stratum has not been described before. Thickness distributions closely match earlier ILM thickness findings, 8 although ILM thickness under in vivo conditions is roughly four times higher than previously suggested based on LM and TEM analyses 7,8 and consistent with previous AFM examinations of human ILM segments from outside the posterior pole. 3 Analyses of ILM stiffness matched thickness findings with respect to geographical distribution, with higher stiffness values in the central segment compared with the midperipheral quadrants.…”

Posterior Vitreous Detachment and the Posterior Hyaloid Membrane

“…33 The ultrastructure of the internal limiting membrane has been well characterized by electron microscopy. The original descriptions by Fine 34 and Fine and Tousimis 35 have been confirmed and reiterated in several subsequent studies 36e40 and have been expanded further by Foos. 41 Foos described variations of the internal limiting membrane in 3 distinct topographic zones within the eye; in the basal zone, the internal limiting membrane was uniformly thin, but it was reported to be progressively and irregularly thickened in the equatorial and posterior zones, in addition to showing loss of the anteriorly observed Müller vitreal surface attachment plaques in the posterior zone.…”

Split Outer Plexiform Layer Appearance Represents an Acquired Cone Dysfunction Phenotype of Autoimmune Retinopathy

“…The exact histopathologic correlates to the hyperreflective bands in SOPLA are unclear. However, we suspect that the inner hyperreflective line represents the middle limiting membrane (MLM), as described by Fine and Zimmerman 18 using electron microscopy. The MLM has three distinct zones, including a narrow band of interwoven neurons at the junction of the inner nuclear layer, a central synaptic band, and a thicker band at the outer aspect of the OPL comprising cells and photoreceptor axons.…”