Limiting current density and water dissociation in bipolar membranes

Strathmann, H.; Krol, J.J.; Rapp, H.; Eigenberger, Gerhart

doi:10.1016/s0376-7388(96)00185-8

Cited by 313 publications

(239 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…4. Obviously, the experimental I -V curves for the three configurations show the typical behavior given by the coupling of ion transport and electrical field-enhanced water dissociation [14], at small voltage, the current is carried mainly by decreases with time, which conforms to the typical trends. At a given time, the current efficiency decrease with increase in the concentration of sodium citrate, as in the case of 0.1, 0.5, 1 M sodium citrate solutions, thereby restricting the possibility of obtaining high concentration of acid and alkali [8].…”

Section: Current-6oltage Cur6essupporting

confidence: 70%

Citric acid production by electrodialysis with bipolar membranes

Yang

2002

Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification

142

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Section: Current-6oltage Cur6essupporting

confidence: 70%

Citric acid production by electrodialysis with bipolar membranes

Yang

2002

Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification

142

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“…To avoid the water splitting in BMs one can introduce a neutral electrolyte gap between the two membranes 34, [39][40][41][42] . Recently, this strategy was employed in ion bipolar junction transistors (IBJTs) 22 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Ion diode logics for pH control

2012

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Electronic control over the generation, transport, and delivery of ions is useful in order to regulate reactions, functions, and processes in 5 various chemical and biological systems. Different kinds of ion diodes and transistors that exhibit non-linear current versus voltage characteristics have been explored to generate chemical gradients and signals. Bipolar membranes (BMs) exhibit both ion current rectification and water splitting and are thus suitable as ion diodes for the regulation of pH. To date, fast switching ion diodes have been difficult to realize due to accumulation of ions inside the device structure at forward bias -charges that take a long time to deplete at reverse bias. Water splitting occurs at elevated reverse voltage bias and is a feature that renders high ion current rectification impossible. 10This makes integration of ion diodes in circuits difficult. Here, we report three different designs of micro-fabricated ion bipolar membrane diodes (IBMDs). The first two designs consist of single BM configurations, and are capable of either splitting water or providing high current rectification. In the third design, water-splitting BMs and a highly-rectifying BM are connected in series, thus suppressing accumulation of ions. The resulting IBMD shows less hysteresis, faster off-switching, and also a high ion current rectification ratio as compared to the single BM devices. Further, the IBMD was integrated in a diode-based AND gate, which is capable 15 of controlling delivery of a hydroxide ions into a receiving reservoir.

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“…Cation-and anion-selective membranes are in many aspects the ionic equivalent to p-and ndoped semiconductors, respectively. By sandwiching a cationand an anion-selective membrane a bipolar membrane (BM) is obtained [9][10] . BMs exhibit current rectification in similarity to bipolar semiconductor pn-junction diodes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Toward Complementary Ionic Circuits: The npn Ion Bipolar Junction Transistor

2011

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Many biomolecules are charged and may therefore be transported with ionic currents. As a step toward addressable ionic delivery circuits, we report on the development of a npn ion bipolar junction transistor (npn-IBJT) as an active control element of anionic currents in general, and specifically, demonstrate actively modulated delivery of the neurotransmitter glutamic acid. The functional materials of this transistor are ion exchange layers and conjugated polymers. The npn-IBJT shows stable transistor characteristics over extensive time of operation and ion current switch times below 10 s. Our results promise complementary chemical circuits similar to the electronic equivalence, which has proven invaluable in conventional electronic applications.

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Limiting current density and water dissociation in bipolar membranes

Cited by 313 publications

References 24 publications

Citric acid production by electrodialysis with bipolar membranes

Citric acid production by electrodialysis with bipolar membranes

Ion diode logics for pH control

Toward Complementary Ionic Circuits: The npn Ion Bipolar Junction Transistor

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