Limited Effects of Low-to-Moderate Aerobic Exercise on the Gut Microbiota of Mice Subjected to a High-Fat Diet

Ribeiro, Filipe M.; Ribeiro, Camila Fontoura Acosta; Garcia, Ana Carolina; Castro, Alinne Pereira de; Almeida, Jeeser Alves de; Franco, Octávio Luiz; Petriz, Bernardo A.

doi:10.3390/nu11010149

Cited by 22 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…Since the cafeteria diet used here [20] tends to produce a more severe metabolic phenotype than purified high-fat diets [35][36][37][38], which to our knowledge have been used in all studies investigating the interrelationship between exercise and diet on microbiome composition, the diet-induced effects on microbiome composition here may be more resistant to the effects of exercise than previously reported. Additionally, a number of rodent studies report no differences in overall microbiome composition with exercise [17,19], and there is evidence that this effect may be moderated by age [39] which may have contributed to the inconsistent findings in the literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microbiome compositional changes were observed in mice maintained on a healthy diet following 6 weeks of moderate treadmill exercise [16] and after 16 weeks in mice fed a high-fat diet [18]. In contrast, eight weeks of low-tomoderate exercise did not confer microbiome compositional changes in mice fed a high-fat diet [19]. Furthermore, most studies examining the effects of treadmill exercise on fecal microbiome in diet-induced obesity used a design where exercise was co-administered with high-fat diet, making it difficult to translate the findings to people, in terms of implementing exercise after a history of unhealthy eating and obesity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Treadmill exercise has minimal impact on obesogenic diet-related gut microbiome changes but alters adipose and hypothalamic gene expression in rats

et al. 2020

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Background: Exercise has been extensively utilised as an effective therapy for overweight-and obesity-associated changes that are linked to health complications. Several preclinical rodent studies have shown that treadmill exercise alongside an unhealthy diet improves metabolic health and microbiome composition. Furthermore, chronic exercise has been shown to alter hypothalamic and adipose tissue gene expression in diet-induced obesity. However, limited work has investigated whether treadmill exercise commenced following exposure to an obesogenic diet is sufficient to alter microbiome composition and metabolic health. Methods: To address this gap in the literature, we fed rats a high-fat/high-sugar western-style cafeteria diet and assessed the effects of 4 weeks of treadmill exercise on adiposity, diet-induced gut dysbiosis, as well as hypothalamic and retroperitoneal white adipose tissue gene expression. Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated to either regular chow or cafeteria diet and after 3 weeks half the rats on each diet were exposed to moderate treadmill exercise for 4 weeks while the remainder were exposed to a stationary treadmill. Results: Microbial species diversity was uniquely reduced in exercising chow-fed rats, while microbiome composition was only changed by cafeteria diet. Despite limited effects of exercise on overall microbiome composition, exercise increased inferred microbial functions involved in metabolism, reduced fat mass, and altered adipose and hypothalamic gene expression. After controlling for diet and exercise, adipose Il6 expression and liver triglyceride concentrations were significantly associated with global microbiome composition. Conclusions: Moderate treadmill exercise induced subtle microbiome composition changes in chow-fed rats but did not overcome the microbiome changes induced by prolonged exposure to cafeteria diet. Predicted metabolic function of the gut microbiome was increased by exercise. The effects of exercise on the microbiome may be modulated by obesity severity. Future work should investigate whether exercise in combination with microbiome-modifying interventions can synergistically reduce diet-and obesity-associated comorbidities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Treadmill exercise has minimal impact on obesogenic diet-related gut microbiome changes but alters adipose and hypothalamic gene expression in rats

et al. 2020

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“…Moreover, previous studies have indicated that exercise-induced metabolic effects have the capability to positively reshape the gut microbiota in various animal models as well as humans (Codella et al, 2018). However, changes to the structure of the gut microbiota vary depending on the exercise intensity, mode, and time (Ribeiro et al, 2019;Mohr et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the previous studies have focused on observing the changes in microbiota and metabolism after training (Allen et al, 2018;Ribeiro et al, 2019), while this study focused on the changes in microbiota and metabolism during the process of improving exercise performance through training. The results of this study can provide reference for improving exercise performance, and the relationship between the changes in microbiota and metabolism and exercise performance found in the training process can provide ideas for improving exercise performance with gut microbiota as the entry point in the future.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moderate-Intensity Physical Exercise Affects the Exercise Performance and Gut Microbiota of Mice

Yang

Liu

Yang

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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The gut microbiota is closely associated with the health of the host and is affected by many factors, including exercise. In this study, we compared the gut microbial changes and exercise performance over a 14-week period in mice that performed exercise (NE; n = 15) and mice that did not perform exercise (NC; n = 15). Mice were subjected to stool collection and exercise tests one week prior to adaptive training and after 2, 6, 10, and 14 weeks of exercise. Bacteria associated with the stool samples were assessed via Illumina-based 16S rRNA gene sequencing. While there was no significant difference in body weight between the groups (p > 0.05), the NE group had a significantly higher exercise performance from weeks 2–14 (p < 0.01) and lower fat coefficient (p < 0.01) compared with the NC group. The Shannon index of the gut microbiota in the NC group was higher than that in the NE group at weeks 6 and 10, and the Chao1 index was higher than that in the NE group at week 14. Exercise performance positively correlated with the relative abundance of Phascolarctobacterium. Grouped time series data analysis demonstrated that Bifidobacteria, Coprococcus, and one unnamed genus in the Clostridiales order were significantly increased in the NE group, which correlated with increased glucose, flavonoid, arginine, and proline metabolism. In conclusion, moderate-intensity treadmill exercise significantly increased the exercise performance of mice and changed the core bacteria and bacterial metabolic activity. These results provide a reference for studying the effects of exercise intervention and exercise performance on the gut microbiota of mice.

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“… 118 Interestingly, low or moderate training had only minimal impact in modulating the gut microbiome in mice fed high-fat diet after 8 weeks of treadmill training. 119 The abundance of Proteus and Vagococcus were changed upon exercise. However, the body composition was changed by the exercise.…”

Section: How Exercise Shapes the Gut Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the gut microbiome and exercise in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Houttu

Boulund

Grefhorst

et al. 2020

Therap Adv Gastroenterol

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In recent years, the human gut microbiome has been found to influence a multitude of non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome, with its components type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. It is recognized to be mainly influenced by environmental factors, such as lifestyle, but also genetics may play a role. The interaction of gut microbiota and obesity has been widely studied, but in regard to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as a manifestation of obesity and insulin resistance, the causal role of the gut microbiome has not been fully established. The mechanisms by which the gut microbiome influences lipid accumulation, inflammatory responses, and occurrence of fibrosis in the liver are a topic of active research. In addition, the influence of exercise on gut microbiome composition is also being investigated. In clinical trials, exercise reduced hepatic steatosis independently of weight reduction. Other studies indicate that exercise may modulate the gut microbiome. This puts forward the question whether exercise could mediate its beneficial effects on NAFLD via changes in gut microbiome. Yet, the specific mechanisms underlying this potential connection are largely unknown. Thus, associative evidence from clinical trials, as well as mechanistic studies in vivo are called for to elucidate the relationship between exercise and the gut microbiome in NAFLD. Here, we review the current literature on exercise and the gut microbiome in NAFLD.

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Limited Effects of Low-to-Moderate Aerobic Exercise on the Gut Microbiota of Mice Subjected to a High-Fat Diet

Cited by 22 publications

References 55 publications

Treadmill exercise has minimal impact on obesogenic diet-related gut microbiome changes but alters adipose and hypothalamic gene expression in rats

Treadmill exercise has minimal impact on obesogenic diet-related gut microbiome changes but alters adipose and hypothalamic gene expression in rats

Moderate-Intensity Physical Exercise Affects the Exercise Performance and Gut Microbiota of Mice

The role of the gut microbiome and exercise in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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