Limitations of Fat-Free Mass for the Assessment of Muscle Mass in Obesity

Jensen, B.; Braun, Wiebke; Geisler, Corinna; Both, Markus; Klückmann, Kristin; Müller, Manfred J.; Bosy‐Westphal, Anja

doi:10.1159/000499607

Cited by 60 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…31 Similarly, DXA may overestimate FFM by an underestimation of trunk fat mass and, therefore, is not an appropriate standard for body composition in obesity. 32 CT and MRI provide both qualitative and quantitative data, but they lack cutoff points, are expensive, and may not be feasible in daily practice. There are many relevant measurement techniques for measuring muscle mass.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Ultrasonography in Estimating Muscle Mass in Sarcopenic Obesity

Deniz

Cruz-Jentoft

Ayçiçek

et al. 2020

J Parenter Enteral Nutr

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Background: Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is the coexistence of sarcopenia and obesity in an individual. The present study is designed to define the usefulness of skeletal muscle ultrasonography (US) in the definition of SO. Methods: Eighty-nine participants aged ≥65 whose body mass index (BMI, kg/m 2) was ≥30 were consecutively enrolled in an outpatient clinic of geriatric medicine. All underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment. US measurements were obtained in 6 different muscles consisting of core and limb muscles. We defined SO as the presence of low muscle function (defined by a handgrip strength < 27 kg in males and <16 kg in females) and high BMI (≥30). Results: The median age of the participants was 72 (65-85) years; 81% were female, and 35% (n = 31) had SO. Anthropometric parameters that estimate muscle mass were lower in the sarcopenic group, but estimations of muscle mass with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) did not differ between groups. All US estimations of muscle mass were lower in sarcopenic obese participants, albeit not all significantly. RF muscle cross-sectional area (RF CSA) and abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness were most strongly correlated with grip strength (r = 0.477 and r = −508, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic analysis suggested that the optimum cutoff point of RF CSA for SO was ≤5.22 cm 2 , with 95.8% sensitivity and 46.7% specificity (area under the curve: 0.686). Conclusions: US evaluation of muscle mass may be more accurate than BIA-derived skeletal muscle index assessment for the diagnosis of SO.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Ultrasonography in Estimating Muscle Mass in Sarcopenic Obesity

Deniz

Cruz-Jentoft

Ayçiçek

et al. 2020

J Parenter Enteral Nutr

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“…Waist circumference was measured with a measuring tape while participants were in a standing position. Body composition measurements were conducted using a segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis device (seca mBCA 515, Seca, Hamburg, Germany), which has been shown to provide accurate determination of body composition in obese individuals when compared to the 4-compartement reference method [ 35 ]. All measurements were performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-volume high-intensity interval training improves cardiometabolic health, work ability and well-being in severely obese individuals: a randomized-controlled trial sub-study

et al. 2020

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Background Obesity is associated with impaired health and lower work ability. Increased physical activity is a cornerstone in the treatment of obesity and related risk factors. Recently, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has emerged as a popular exercise option. However, data regarding the effects on cardiometabolic health, perceived work ability and well-being in severely obese individuals are lacking. Methods Sixty-five obese individuals with sedentary occupation (48.7 ± 9.9 years, BMI: 39.6 ± 7.1 kg/m2) were randomly allocated to an extremely time-efficient HIIT (5 × 1 min at 80–95% maximal heart rate on cycle ergometers, 2×/week for 12 weeks) or an inactive control group (CON). Both groups received nutritional counseling to support weight loss. Primary outcome was maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), secondary outcomes were cardiometabolic risk indices, body composition, work ability index (WAI), quality of life (QoL, EQ-5D-5L-questionnaire) and perceived stress (PSQ-questionnaire). Results Mean body weight reduction was 5.3 kg [95% confidence interval (95% CI) − 7.3 to − 3.3 kg] in the HIIT group (P < 0.001) and 3.7 kg (95% CI − 5.3 to − 2.1 kg) in CON (P < 0.001), respectively. Only the HIIT group showed significant (P < 0.001) changes in VO2max [+ 3.5 mL/kg/min (95% CI 2.5 to 4.6 mL/kg/min)], waist circumference [–7.5 cm (95% CI − 9.8 to − 5.1 kg)], mean arterial blood pressure [− 11 mmHg (95% CI − 14 to − 8 mmHg)], WAI [+ 3.0 points (95% CI 1.7 to 4.3 points)] and QoL [+ 10% (95% CI 5 to 16%)]. In CON, none of these parameters improved significantly. Conclusions Low-volume HIIT may induce significant improvements in cardiometabolic health, especially VO2max, WAI and well-being in obese individuals after only 12 weeks. Our results underpin the wide range of benefits on health and subjective measures through exercise that go well beyond simple weight loss through dietary restriction alone. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Id: NCT03306069. Registered 10 October 2017, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03306069.

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“…There is a significant impact of adiposity on the validity of BIA and other 2 compartment methods for the assessment of fat free mass. However, the overestimation of fat free mass in obesity can be improved by using a correction factor for subjects with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 [ 67 ].…”

Section: Vitamin Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Sarcopenia: Where Do We Stand?

Mikolašević

Pavić

Kanižaj

et al. 2020

Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology

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The link between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and sarcopenia has not been extensively studied, but it is evident that they share several common features. Crucial mechanisms involved in sarcopenia-nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) interplay are based on effects of insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and crosstalk between organs by secretion of cytokines (hepatokines, adipokines, and myokines). Currently, published studies confirm the association of sarcopenia with the degree of NAFLD defined by liver histology. However, prospective studies that will give us information regarding the causal effect of NAFLD and sarcopenia are still needed. Furthermore, there is a need for a patient-friendly, noninvasive, low-cost method for detection of loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and physical performance in the context of NAFLD. Moreover, potential treatment strategies such as physical exercise and nutritional supplementation, that are usually a part of management of sarcopenia, should also be investigated in NAFLD patients, especially given the fact that for now, we do not have a good treatment option for NAFLD. Therefore, future investigations should combine studies on NAFLD and sarcopenia in terms of physical activity and nutritional interventions such as vitamin D supplementation. This review aims to report recent evidence concerning the links between sarcopenia and NAFLD and methods to assess sarcopenia.

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Limitations of Fat-Free Mass for the Assessment of Muscle Mass in Obesity

Cited by 60 publications

References 24 publications

Role of Ultrasonography in Estimating Muscle Mass in Sarcopenic Obesity

Role of Ultrasonography in Estimating Muscle Mass in Sarcopenic Obesity

Low-volume high-intensity interval training improves cardiometabolic health, work ability and well-being in severely obese individuals: a randomized-controlled trial sub-study

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Sarcopenia: Where Do We Stand?

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