Limestone and Calcined Clay-Based Sustainable Cementitious Materials for 3D Concrete Printing: A Fundamental Study of Extrudability and Early-Age Strength Development

Chen, Yu; Li, Zhenming; Figueiredo, Stefan Chaves; Çopuroğlu, Oğuzhan; Veer, Fred; Schlangen, Erik

doi:10.3390/app9091809

Cited by 85 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The reason for this lies in a smaller surface grain size of limestone powder, resulting in a better compaction of the matrix. Similar results were found in other studies [17,29,38,[84][85][86][87]. In theory, a higher amount of binder should translate to higher rigidity and strength of the mix, which was not observed in most of the studied mixes.…”

Section: Properties Of Fresh MIX In the Printing Simulation Test (Squsupporting

confidence: 90%

3D Concrete Printing for Sustainable Construction

2020

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Despite the rapid development of 3D printing technology for cement composites, there are still a number of unsolved issues related to extrusion printing. One of them is proper mix design that allows for meeting criteria related to the printing of cementitious materials, such as pumpability, buildability, consistency on the materials, flowability and workability, simultaneously incorporating sustainable development ideas. In the case of mixes for 3D printing, the modification of the composition which increases the overall performance does not always go hand in hand with the reduction of negative environmental impact. The article presents the results of tests of eight mixtures modified with reactive and inert mineral additives designed for 3D printing. The mixes were evaluated in terms of their rheological and mechanical properties as well as environmental impact. Initial test results were verified by printing hollow columns up until collapse. Later, the differences between the compressive strength of standard samples and printed columns were determined. In order to summarize the results, a multi-faceted analysis of the properties of the mixes was carried out, introducing assessment indicators for its individual parameters. The article proves that appropriate material modification of mixes for 3D printing can significantly reduce the negative impact on the environment without hindering required 3D printing properties.

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Section: Properties Of Fresh MIX In the Printing Simulation Test (Squsupporting

confidence: 90%

3D Concrete Printing for Sustainable Construction

2020

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“…[4,5]. Consequently, significant research efforts have been devoted to tuning the material’s early-age properties [6,7] and printing parameters [8]. A soft, flowable material is easy to extrude.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Material Fresh Properties and Process Parameters on Buildability and Interlayer Adhesion of 3D Printed Concrete

et al. 2019

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The advent of digital concrete fabrication calls for advancing our understanding of the interaction of 3D printing with material rheology and print parameters, in addition to developing new measurement and control techniques. Thixotropy is the main challenge associated with printable material, which offers high yield strength and low viscosity. The higher the thixotropy, the better the shape stability and the higher buildability. However, exceeding a minimum value of thixotropy can cause high extrusion pressure and poor interface bond strength if the printing parameters are not optimized to the part design. This paper aims to investigate the effects of both material and process parameters on the buildability and inter-layer adhesion properties of 3D printed cementitious materials, produced with different thixotropy and print head standoff distances. Nano particles are used to increase the thixotropy and, in this context, a lower standoff distance is found to be useful for improving the bond strength. The low viscosity “control” sample is unaffected by the variation in standoff distances, which is attributed to its flowability and low yield stress characteristics that lead to strong interfacial bonding. This is supported by our microscopic observations.

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“…The suitability of LC 3 as a material for 3D printing process has been investigated by Chen et al [ 183 ]. They prepared four mixtures containing different proportions of two calcined clay with lower (49%) and higher (90%) metakaolinite content, and then conducted extrudability and earlier strength tests on them.…”

Section: Lime Calcined Clay Cement (Lc 3 )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcined Clay as Supplementary Cementitious Material

2020

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Calcined clays are the only potential materials available in large quantities to meet the requirements of eco-efficient cement-based materials by reducing the clinker content in blended cements or reducing the cement content in concrete. More than 200 recent research papers on the idea of replacing Portland cement with large amounts of calcined clay are presented and discussed in detail. First, the fundamental information about the properties and structure of clay minerals is described. Then, the process of activation and hydration of clays is discussed, including the methods of pozzolanic activity assessment. Additionally, various testing methods of clays from different worldwide deposits are presented. The application of calcined clay in cement and concrete technology is then introduced. A separate chapter is devoted to lime calcined clay cement. Then an influence of calcined clay on durability of concrete is summarized. Finally, conclusions are formulated.

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Limestone and Calcined Clay-Based Sustainable Cementitious Materials for 3D Concrete Printing: A Fundamental Study of Extrudability and Early-Age Strength Development

Cited by 85 publications

References 38 publications

3D Concrete Printing for Sustainable Construction

3D Concrete Printing for Sustainable Construction

The Effect of Material Fresh Properties and Process Parameters on Buildability and Interlayer Adhesion of 3D Printed Concrete

Calcined Clay as Supplementary Cementitious Material

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