Light Sensitivity and Lupus Erythematosus

UV Light Potentiates STING (Stimulator of Interferon Genes)-dependent Innate Immune Signaling through Deregulation of ULK1 (Unc51-like Kinase 1)

“…Cell Lines-Human THP-1 monocytes, HaCaT keratinocytes, and HEK293T cells were cultured at 37°C in a 5% CO 2 humidified incubator in either RPMI1640 or Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and penicillin/streptomycin. HEK293T cells stably expressing HA-tagged STING were generated by transfection of pUNO1-hSTING-HA3x (Invivogen) and selection with blasticidin.…”

“…known to be triggered or exacerbated by exposures to ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths of sunlight that damage genomic DNA and other cellular biomolecules (1)(2)(3). This damage and associated cell death is thought to result in the release of potential autoantigens, including DNA and other nuclear proteins, which are taken up by macrophages to initiate autoantibody development or targeted by the adaptive immune system.…”

Enhanced membrane binding of autoantibodies to cultured keratinocytes of systemic lupus erythematosus patients after ultraviolet B/ultraviolet A irradiation.

“…Exposure to solar radiation is known to induce skin lesions and may also exacerbate systemic disease activity (2). Although cutaneous lesions in sun-sensitive patients have been elicited by ultraviolet radiation (UVR) under controlled experimental conditions (3,4), the exact mechanisms are not fully understood (5).…”

The "Spectral Shift" Phenomenon of Chloroquine

“…Window glass almost completely blocked the spectral shift phenomenon, but it was only partially blocked by the Corning 0-54 filter (Fig 3). 4. Effects of Temperature : (a) Method.…”