Light-ion-induced multifragmentation: The ISiS project

Abstract

An extensive study of GeV light-ion-induced multifragmentation and its possible interpretation in terms of a nuclear liquid-gas phase transition has been performed with the Indiana Silicon Sphere (ISiS) 4π detector array. Measurements were performed with 5-15 GeV/c p, p, and π − beams incident on 197 Au and 2-5 GeV 3 He incident on nat Ag and 197 Au targets. Both the reaction dynamics and the subsequent decay of the heavy residues have been explored. The data provide evidence Preprint submitted to Elsevier Science 10 March 2018for a dramatic change in the reaction observables near an excitation energy of E*/A = 4-5 MeV per residue nucleon. In this region, fragment multiplicities and energy spectra indicate emission from an expanded/dilute source on a very short time scale (20-50 fm/c). These properties, along with caloric curve and scaling-law behavior, yield a pattern that is consistent with a nuclear liquid-gas phase transition.

Isotopic production cross section of fragments in56Fe+pand136XeLiu1, Li2 2008Phys. Rev. C561690View full textAdd to dashboardCite

“…Investigations of spallation reactions are the best and usually the only way to collect a comprehensive set of high-quality spallation data regarding the productions of neutrons, light charged particles, and residual nuclei [7][8][9][10]. In the past years, spallation reactions and neutron-rich and neutron-poor isotopes were widely studied by nuclear physicists [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

Measurement of the complete nuclide production and kinetic energies of the systemXe136+hydrogen at 1 GeV per nucleon

“…[37]; Ref. [38] reviews ISIS (Indiana Silicon Sphere) experiments induced by high-energy protons). A specific analysis of kinematic features connected to the intermediate-mass fragment formation in the 56 Fe (1A GeV) +p system [18] and in the much heavier system 238 U (1A GeV) +p [14] pointed out the difficulty of connecting this process exclusively to fission.…”

Nuclear matter phase diagram from compound nucleus decay

“…The other experiments are loosely grouped into what is called "multifragmentation" [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. These experiments are at much higher incident particle energies.…”