Light‐Emitting Diodes in Horticulture

Mitchell, Cary A.; Dzakovich, Michael P.; Gómez, Celina; López, Roberto G.; Burr, J. F.; Hernández, Ricardo; Kubota, Chieri; Currey, Christopher J.; Meng, Qingxiang; Runkle, Erik S.; Bourget, C. Michael; Morrow, Robert C.; Both, Arend-Jan

doi:10.1002/9781119107781.ch01

Cited by 83 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 186 publications

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“…A number of studies have demonstrated that narrow-band LEDs can induce significant changes in the nutritional attributes of plants [1,2]. However, to our knowledge, no studies have referred to the effect that light quality has on nutrient uptake from a production-input perspective.…”

Section: Physiological Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Continuous technological improvements, low lamp-surface temperature, and high energy-use efficiency, along with decreasing capital costs, are making light-emitting diodes (LEDs) the light source of choice to grow plants in controlled (growth chamber) and semi-controlled (greenhouse) environments. Numerous studies have shown that the production advantages of using LEDs range from the reduction of electrical energy inputs to increased growth and flowering, and improved quality of plant products [1]. Furthermore, spectral control of electric lighting has facilitated research evaluating biochemical and physiological plant responses to narrow-spectrum radiation [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth, Water-Use Efficiency, Stomatal Conductance, and Nitrogen Uptake of Two Lettuce Cultivars Grown under Different Percentages of Blue and Red Light

2018

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The objective of this study was to characterize growth, water-use efficiency (WUE), stomatal conductance (g s ), SPAD index values, and shoot nitrogen uptake of two lettuce cultivars grown under different percentages of blue and red light. The treatments evaluated were 100% red; 7% blue + 93% red; 26% blue + 74% red; 42% blue + 58% red; 66% blue + 34% red; and 100% blue. Broad-spectrum (19% blue, 43% green, and 38% red) light was used to observe the effects of wavelength interactions. All of the treatments provided an average daily light integral (DLI) of 17.5 mol·m -2 ·d -1 (270 ± 5 µmol·m -2 ·s -1 over an 18-h photoperiod). The experiment was replicated three times over time; each terminated 21 days after treatment initiation. Leaf area, specific leaf area (SLA), and SPAD index had a similar response in that all of the parameters increased with up to 66% blue light, and slightly decreased or remained constant with 100% blue light. In contrast, leaf number, shoot dry mass, and WUE generally decreased in response to blue light. Conversely, for every 10% increase in blue light, g s increased by 10 mmol·m -2 ·s -1 . Nitrogen uptake was unaffected by light quality. Our findings indicate that when grown under different blue and red photon flux ratios, the WUE of lettuce significantly decreases under higher blue light, which could be attributed to a reduction in plant growth (leaf number and dry mass), and an increase in g s . However, green light within broad-spectrum lamps might counteract blue-light mediated effects on g s and WUE in lettuce.

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Section: Physiological Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth, Water-Use Efficiency, Stomatal Conductance, and Nitrogen Uptake of Two Lettuce Cultivars Grown under Different Percentages of Blue and Red Light

2018

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“…In addition, the novelty of LED technology, the myriad possibilities for operational strategies, the lack of research data, and the often significantly higher investment costs caused trepidation among growers. Although many plant scientists are conducting research on best practices for LED applications (e.g., Mitchell et al, 2015) and some of the key performance metrics for horticultural lighting have been characterized (e.g., Nelson and Bugbee, 2014), so far little has been done to standardize and report the primary performance metrics of LEDs that are important for plant growth applications.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposed Product Label for Electric Lamps Used in the Plant Sciences

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Bugbee

Kubota

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Electric lamps are widely used to supplement sunlight (supplemental lighting) and daylength extension (photoperiodic lighting) for the production of horticultural crops in greenhouses and controlled environments. Recent advances in light-emitting diode (LED) technology now provide the horticultural industry with multiple lighting options. However, growers are unable to compare technologies and LED options because of insufficient data on lamp performance metrics. Here, we propose a standardized product label that facilitates the comparison of lamps across manufacturers. This label includes the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) efficacy, PAR conversion efficiency, photon flux density output in key wave bands, as well as the phytochrome photostationary state (PSS), red/far red ratio, and graphs of the normalized photon flux density across the 300–900 nm wave band and a horizontal distribution of the light output.

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“…1990, and was followed by years of testing by Kennedy Space Center and other NASA funded groups (Tennessen et al, 1994;Tripathy and Brown, 1995;Goins et al, 1997Goins et al, , 2001Schuerger et al, 1997;Kim et al, 2004Kim et al, , 2007. In the past 10 years, there has been a virtual explosion in the use of LED lighting in controlled environment agriculture, and this stands as an example of how research for space has benefitted terrestrial agriculture (Morrow, 2008;Massa et al, 2008;Avercheva et al, 2014;Mitchell et al, 2015).…”

Section: Nasa Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%