Lift-Off Lengths in an Optical Heavy-Duty Engine Operated at High Load with Low and High Octane Number Fuels

Spray and Combustion Studies of High Reactivity Gasoline in Comparison to Diesel under Advanced Compression Ignition Engine Conditions

“…Previous studies addressed fundamental gasoline spray combustion characteristics in comparison to diesel under controlled environments, including constant volume vessels and constant flow rigs. In another study, the influence of fuel reactivity on lift-off lengths were experimentally observed in an optical engine, which was modified based on a sixcylinder Volve MD13 engine (Lundgren et al 2018). A primary reference fuel (PRF) 87 was used to represent gasoline, which was comprised of iso-octane and n-heptane by 87%, and 13% by volume.…”