Life in Internal Waves

Garwood, Jessica C.; Musgrave, Ruth; Lucas, Andrew J.

doi:10.5670/oceanog.2020.313

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…ISWs may propagate over basin-scale distances and are now acknowledged to have a turbulent character in both their propagation and their dissipation stages (van Haren and Gostiaux, 2012;Smyth and Moum, 2012). They are considered a dominant energy source for vertical motion and diapycnal (i.e., across isopycnals) turbulent mixing characteristics that affect the dynamics of a variety of ocean processes (Garwood et al, 2020). ISWs have been studied for more than 100 years and constitute a classical subject in ocean sciences (see e.g., Grimshaw, 2002, and references therein).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Wave Breaking Caused by Internal Solitary Waves: Effects on Radar Backscattering Measured by SAR and Radar Altimeter

Magalhaes¹,

Alpers²,

Santos-Ferreira³

et al. 2021

Oceanog

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Breaking surface waves play a key role in the exchange of momentum, heat, and gases between the atmosphere and the ocean. Waves break at the ocean’s surface at high or medium wind speeds or in the absence of wind due to shoaling of the seafloor. However, surface waves also break due to interactions with internal solitary waves (ISWs). In this paper, we revisit surface wave breaking caused by ISWs and how ISWs are manifested in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images acquired by the TerraSAR-X and Sentinel-1 satellites and in high-resolution radar altimeter data acquired by the SAR altimeter (SRAL) onboard the Sentinel-3A satellite. X-band TerraSAR-X images acquired at low wind speeds suggest that meter-scale surface breaking waves resulting from large-scale ISWs are associated with large modulations in backscatter at HH and VV polarizations that cannot be explained by present theories. Furthermore, Sentinel-1 C-band SAR satellite images acquired at moderate to high wind speeds also exhibit large radar signatures from surface wave breaking at VV and VH cross-polarizations. Finally, new observations from the Sentinel-3 SRAL altimeter show clear evidence of significant wave height (SWH) variations along the propagation paths of ISWs. The SWH signatures are unique in showing that the surface wave energy does not return to its unperturbed level after an ISW passes, most likely because intense meter-scale wave breaking results in surface wave energy dissipation. In summary, these results show that surface wave breaking contributes significantly to radar remote sensing of ISWs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Wave Breaking Caused by Internal Solitary Waves: Effects on Radar Backscattering Measured by SAR and Radar Altimeter

Magalhaes¹,

Alpers²,

Santos-Ferreira³

et al. 2021

Oceanog

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“…The problem of studying internal waves (IWs) in the Arctic region has been raised many times and is still relevant today, because it has an important practical application. The formation and further collapse of internal waves can lead to intensive mixing of water masses [D'Asaro, 2022;Fer et al, 2020;Phillips, 1980;Sabinin et al, 2004], vertical transport of heat and nutrients [Boegman and Stastna, 2019;Edge et al, 2021;Garwood et al, 2020;Moum et al, 2003Moum et al, , 2007Pineda, 1991]. In addition, IWs in the Arctic region can directly affect the characteristics of sea ice [Carr et al, 2019;Czipott et al, 1991] and the formation of polynyas [Morozov and Pisarev, 2004].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of Short-Period Internal Waves in the Kara Gates Strait Revealed from Spaceborne SAR Data

Kopyshov,

Kozlov,

Shiryborova

et al. 2023

Russian Journal of Earth Sciences

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This paper presents the results of identification of surface manifestations (SM) of short-period internal waves (SIW) in Sentinel-1 A/B synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of the Kara Gates Strait in August–September 2021. 44 SM of SIW trains were detected in 47 SAR images. Statistics of occurrence, propagation direction and spatial characteristics of SIWs in the study area are given. During two months, satellite observations cover almost all phases of spring-neap tidal cycle. The use of a detailed topography of the study area made it possible to identify certain regions with a more frequent presence of the SIW leading crests with a particular focus made on the shallow (< 100 m) part of the strait. Each identified region is then described in terms of water depth, dimensionless slope, amplitudes of tidal current velocity and properties of SIWs. The obtained results were then compared with the results of previous studies.

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“…Higher trophic levels of the community (mesozooplankton) are also affected in the region by physical forcing and mesoscale processes (Macías et al, 2010;Van Haren, 2014;Yebra et al, 2017Yebra et al, , 2018. Besides diel vertical migration (Frassetto et al, 1962), frontal areas accumulate biomass and alter the composition of the community forced by internal wave events (Macías et al, 2010;Garwood et al, 2020). Overall, the main channel is primarily dominated by medium sized copepods (Vives et al, 1975;Macías et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of early autumn planktonic assemblages in the strait of Gibraltar: a regionalization analysis

VALCÁRCEL-PÉREZ¹,

GARCÍA²,

González-Gordillo³

et al. 2022

Medit. Mar. Sci.

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The Strait of Gibraltar (SG) is the only connection of the Mediterranean Sea with the global circulation. The SG is an outstanding marine region to explore physical-biological coupling of pelagic communities due to its hydrodynamic complexity, including strong tidal forcing and marked spatial gradients and fronts. The authors have unravelled the role of the fortnightly tidal scale (spring and neap tides) and local processes (upwelling and tidal-topographic mixing) that shape planktonic assemblages in the Strait. To do so, an oceanographic cruise was taken in early autumn 2008 with a high-resolution grid sampling and spring/neap tidal conditions. The planktonic features were captured using different automatic and semi-automatic techniques of plankton analyses (flow cytometry, FlowCAM, LOPC and Ecotaxa) that allowed covering a wide range of sizes of the community from pico- to mesoplankton. The SG was sectorized into two clusters based on the biogeochemical and main water column properties. Cluster 1 (CL1) covered shallow productive areas around Cape Trafalgar (CT). CL1 presented higher concentrations of chlorophyll and nutrients, and phytoplankton was mostly represented by Synechococcus and coastal diatoms while zooplankton had the highest percentage of meroplankton (31%). In contrast, cluster 2 (CL2) covered open ocean waters and presented more oligotrophic features, i.e. nitrogen-depleted waters with lower chlorophyll concentrations and a picoplankton community dominated by Prochlorococcus and holoplankton predominance in mesozooplankton. Under early autumn conditions with overall nutrient-depleted and stratified waters, the CT area emerges as an ecosystem where the constant tidal mixing and nutrients supply is coupled with an active production also being favored by high residence times and finally shaping a plankton community with unique features in the area.

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Life in Internal Waves

Cited by 15 publications

References 78 publications

Surface Wave Breaking Caused by Internal Solitary Waves: Effects on Radar Backscattering Measured by SAR and Radar Altimeter

Surface Wave Breaking Caused by Internal Solitary Waves: Effects on Radar Backscattering Measured by SAR and Radar Altimeter

Properties of Short-Period Internal Waves in the Kara Gates Strait Revealed from Spaceborne SAR Data

Variability of early autumn planktonic assemblages in the strait of Gibraltar: a regionalization analysis

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