Life cycle of Spinose ear tick, Otobius megnini (Acari: Argasidae) infesting the race horses in Nuwara Eliya, Sri Lanka

Diyes, G.C.P.; Rajakaruna, R. S.

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.11.026

Cited by 20 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Female ticks, compared to males, tend to take a larger blood [42,49]. Under laboratory conditions, O. megnini can feed on rabbits and complete the life cycle successfully (Figures 3 and 4) [42].…”

Section: Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The life cycle pattern of O. megnini closely resembles that of a one-host hard tick by having a long parasitic period and a short nonparasitic period. The larvae and nymphs feed for several days to months [6,38,41,42]. Fully engorged nymphs detach after a long parasitic phase, drop off, and molt on the ground to nonfeeding adults [42].…”

Section: Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The larvae and nymphs feed for several days to months [6,38,41,42]. Fully engorged nymphs detach after a long parasitic phase, drop off, and molt on the ground to nonfeeding adults [42]. Otobius megnini has a single gonotrophic cycle; hence, females die soon after oviposition.…”

Section: Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Successful completion of the life cycle depends on the efficacy of the blood meal which is determined by the interactions with their host and environmental conditions [43,44]. Temperature and humidity have been identified as the main climatic variables that contribute to the nature of the life cycle [45] on which the egg incubation and hatching success, larval and nymphal feeding, survival and pre-molting periods, and female oviposition and survival are dependent [42,[46][47][48]. Female ticks, compared to males, tend to take a larger blood [42,49].…”

Section: Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Temperature and humidity have been identified as the main climatic variables that contribute to the nature of the life cycle [45] on which the egg incubation and hatching success, larval and nymphal feeding, survival and pre-molting periods, and female oviposition and survival are dependent [42,[46][47][48]. Female ticks, compared to males, tend to take a larger blood [42,49]. Under laboratory conditions, O. megnini can feed on rabbits and complete the life cycle successfully (Figures 3 and 4) [42].…”

Section: Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Spinose Ear Tick Otobius megnini Infestations in Race Horses

Rajakaruna¹,

Diyes²

2019

Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens

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Spinose ear tick, Otobius megnini, has a worldwide distribution causing otoacariasis or parasitic otitis in animals and humans. It mainly infests horses and cattle. It is a nidicolous, one-host soft tick spread from the New World to the Old World and is now distributed across all the continents. Only the larvae and nymphs are parasitic, feeding inside the ear canal of the host for a long period. Adult males and females are free-living and nonfeeding, and mating occurs off the host. Being inside the ear canal of the host allows the tick to be distributed over a vast geographic region through the distribution of the host animals. The presence of infectious agents Coxiella burnetii, the agent of Q fever, spotted fever rickettsia, Ehrlichia canis, Borrelia burgdorferi, and Babesia in O. megnini has been reported, but its role as a vector has not been confirmed. Human infestations are mostly associated with horse riding and farming through close contacts with companion animals. Control measures involve use of acaricides, repellants, and biological control methods. However, controlling the tick population and its spread is extremely difficult due to its life cycle pattern, seasonal dynamics, and resistance to certain acaricides.

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Section: Life Cyclementioning

confidence: 99%