Life cycle assessment of wind turbines in Pınarbaşı-Kayseri

Keywords:Hybrid PV/wind/diesel/battery system Feasibility study of the optimum system Greenhouse gases (GHG) emission Cost of energy (COE) Net present cost (NPC) a b s t r a c tThe potential for using clean energy technologies in Egypt is good given the abundant solar insolation and wind resources. In contrast, many factories have suffered significant losses due to frequent blackouts in Egypt, especially at peak times of load demand. Moreover, the aim of this paper is to provide a detailed feasibility and a techno-economic evaluation of using hybrid photovoltaic/wind/diesel/battery system to satisfy the electrical energy needs for an environmentally friendly factory in New Borg El Arab city, Egypt and the city surrounding the factory. Utilizing the well-known Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Electric Renewables software to get the optimal configuration of a hybrid renewable energy system, based on the user inputs of loads, components costs, components technical details, solar and wind resources availability. The hybrid renewable energy system consisting of 60 kW of photovoltaic arrays, 100 kW of wind turbines, 40 kW of diesel generators, 50 kW of power converters and 600 batteries is found to be the optimal hybrid configuration in accordance with the system net present cost and cost of energy. The net present cost of this system is $1,684,118 and the cost of energy is $0.19/kWh. Additionally, the optimum system is the most environmentally friendly system in comparison with the other systems configurations specifically the diesel only system, because it is able to reduce a significant amount of greenhouse gases emissions. Strive to achieve the plan to become New Borg El Arab city, the first environmentally friendly Egyptian city in the near future by increasing the applications in this city that depend on the clean energy. Additionally, the same work could be applied to any other site in the world. Finally, an accurate separate techno-economic analysis of each component in the optimum hybrid renewable energy system is carried out in this study.

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

An environmentally friendly factory in Egypt based on hybrid photovoltaic/wind/diesel/battery system

Diab

Lan

Zhang

et al. 2016

“…The results show that considerable environmental impact could occur at the manufacturing stage even though there are cost benefits for wind power. Demir and Taşkın, (2013) conducted another investigation using LCA into a large variety of wind turbines with varying hub heights between 50 to 100 m. They concluded that the environmental impact of wind turbines are lower for turbines with larger hub heights as a taller tower can accommodate longer turbine blades, thus this can increase the maximum power available from a wind turbine. The location of a wind turbine 4 also has a significant contribution to its environmental impact, as it was found that installing a wind turbine in optimum wind speed locations also reduces the environmental impact.…”

Section: Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Towards greener horizontal-axis wind turbines: analysis of carbon emissions, energy and costs at the early design stage

Aso

Cheung

2015

This paper describes the development of a quantitative analysis system as a platform for rapidly estimate energy, costs and carbon emission to facilitate the comparison of different wind turbine concept designs. This system aimed specifically at wind turbine manufacturing processes due to the fact that a large proportion of the environmental, costs and energy impacts would occur at this stage. The proposed method supports an initial assessment of multiple design concepts which allows the selection and development of a "greener" wind turbine. The developed system enables concept design of commercial wind turbine towers of hub heights between 44 to 135 m. The method supports an accurate estimation in regards to the dimension, energy consumed, maximum power output, costs and carbon emission in the early design phases of a wind turbine. As a result of the development, the proposed approach could potentially be used to minimise the carbon footprints of major engineering projects such as wind farms. Keywords

“…Eco-design and LCA have been used in the past mainly in studies of environmental assessment of products for the improvement of their design (Karlsson and Luttropp, 2006). They have progressively started to find application in the field of power generation (Wang et al, 2013), while it is quoted in literature that they are suitable to be used for the environmental assessment of the life cycle of different energy sources and technologies Bravi and Basosi, 2013;Demir and Taşkin, 2013). Relevant research concerns electricity generation, as well as environmental assessment and design of energy systems in general (Clift, 1998;Pesso, 1993;Lee at al., 1995;Azapagic, 1999;Azapagic and Clift, 1999;Matsuhashi et al, 1996;Benetto et al, 2004;Keoleian, 1993;Khan et al, 2002;Lombardi, 2002;Furuholt, 1995;Kyriakis et al, 2004;Theodosiou et al, 2005a;Theodosiou et al, 2005b;Sheehan et al, 1996;Golonka and Brennan, 1996;Alexander et al, 2000).…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of the environmental management aspect in the optimization of the design and planning of energy systems

Theodosiou

Stylos

Koroneos

2015

The increasing concerns regarding the environmental pollution derived from anthropogenic activities, such as the use of fossil fuels for power generation, has driven many interested parties to seek different alternatives, e.g. use of renewable energy sources, use of “cleaner” fuels and use of more effective technologies, in order to minimize and control the quantity of emissions that are produced during the life cycle of conventional energy sources. The work presented in this paper focuses on the examination of the possibilities of integrating the environmental aspects in the preliminary phase of the conventional design and planning of energy systems in conjunction with other parameters, such as financial cost, availability, capacity, location, etc. The integration of the environmental parameter to the design is carried out within a context where Eco-design concepts are applied. Due to the multi-parameter nature of the design procedure, the tools that are used are Life Cycle Analysis and Multi-criteria Analysis. The proposed optimization model examines and identifiesoptimum available options of the use of different energy sources and technologies for the production of electricity and/or heat by minimizing both the financial cost and the environmental impacts, with regard to a multiple objective optimization subject to a set of specific constraints. Implementation of the proposed model in the form of a case study for the island of Rhodes in Greece revealed that an optimized solution both cost and environmental-wise, would be an almost balanced participation of renewables and non-renewable energy sources in the energy mix