Líbano

Abstract

A violência colonialista e não uma “identidade nacional” uniu tribos antagônicas. A penetração do cristianismo no território hoje ocupado pelo Líbano estimulou o surgimento de grupos políticos e culturais distintos. Quando cada grupo étnico-cultural-religioso forja para si um passado mítico, como agregá-los num “sentimento nacional”?

Bolsonaro, the Last Colonizer

“…The Serviço de Proteção ao Índio (Indian Protection Service—SPI), eventually the Serviço de Proteção ao Índio e Localização de Trabalhadores Nacionais (Service for the Protection of Indians and the Placement of National Workers—SPILTN)—was founded in 1910, and its goal was to fulfill the government’s responsibilities with regard to two groups in Brazilian society that could not be more alien and distant from one another: indigenous peoples and so-called national workers (Freire, 2007). The objective was to “nationalize” the Indians (or “forest dwellers”) and transform them into peasants—to integrate them into the local economy and what was called the “national community.” This was an expression that was frequently used by intellectuals who, before World War I, argued with each other about the political significance of nationality and the legitimacy of the state (see Neto and Martins, 2006). Foremost in the minds of policy makers was preventing indigenous peoples from living near the border or becoming isolated, the fear being that they might become rebellious and ally themselves with neighboring nation-states.…”

“…The objective was to "nationalize" the Indians (or "forest dwellers") and transform them into peasants-to integrate them into the local economy and what was called the "national community." This was an expression that was frequently used by intellectuals who, before World War I, argued with each other about the political significance of nationality and the legitimacy of the state (see Neto and Martins, 2006). Foremost in the minds of policy makers was preventing indigenous peoples from living near the border or becoming isolated, the fear being that they might become rebellious and ally themselves with neighboring nation-states.…”