Liana density declined and basal area increased over 12 y in a subtropical montane forest in Argentina

Ceballos, Sergio Javier; Malizia, Agustina

doi:10.1017/s0266467417000153

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(102 reference statements)

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“…We provide evidence that bamboo density and basal area represent a substantial fraction of the total basal area per plot in Andean forests (mean 0.85 m 2 /ha, maximum 2.9 m 2 /ha). Bamboo basal area in our example data from the Peruvian Andes is comparable to the basal area represented by lianas, for example, 1.00 m 2 /ha in the lowland tropical forest of La Selva, Costa Rica (Yorke, Schnitzer, Mascaro, Letcher, & Carson, ), 0.78 m 2 /ha in a subtropical montane forest in Argentina (Ceballos & Malizia, ), 0.74 m 2 /ha in a seasonally moist lowland tropical forest in Barro Colorado Island, Panama (Schnitzer et al, ) and 1.9 m 2 /ha in a seasonal lowland forest in Bolivia (Pérez‐Salicrup, Sork, & Putz, ). We hope that these results, together with the literature reporting the effect of bamboo on forest structure, composition and function (e.g., Caccia, Kitzberger, & Chaneton, ; Campanello et al, ; González, Veblen, Donoso, & Valeria, ; Griscom et al, ; Muñoz, González, Celedón, & Veblen, ; Rother et al, ; Tabarelli & Mantovani, ), will motivate others to monitor bamboo in their forests following our proposed bamboo protocol.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Guidelines for including bamboos in tropical ecosystem monitoring

et al. 2020

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Bamboos are a diverse and ecologically important group of plants that have the potential to modulate the structure, composition, and function of forests. With the aim of increasing the visibility and representation of bamboo in forest surveys, and to standardize techniques across ecosystems, we present a protocol for bamboo monitoring in permanent research plots. A bamboo protocol is necessary because ing the average dimensions or (b) measuring all culms. With data from 1-ha plots in the Peruvian Andes, we show that both approaches provide very similar estimates of bamboo basal area. We suggest including all mature culms rooted inside change the to each plot from all woody bamboo species with maximum diameters ≥1 cm.We also present recommendations on how to collect vouchers of bamboo species for identification. Data collected according to our proposed protocols will increase our understanding of regional and global patterns in bamboo diversity and the role of bamboo in forest dynamics.Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Guidelines for including bamboos in tropical ecosystem monitoring

et al. 2020

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“…We found a significant decrease in lianas abundance over the 13‐yr time period in Ituri forest. This decrease is in line with the overall liana decline in the two other African forests evaluated (Caballé and Martin 2001, Thomas et al 2015) but contrasts with the general increase of lianas in the Neotropics (Phillips et al 2002, Schnitzer and Bongers 2011, Laurance et al 2014, Schnitzer 2015, Ceballos and Malizia 2017, Hogan et al 2017; but see Smith et al 2017, Geralomo et al 2018) and an increase (Pandian and Parthasarathy 2015) and a relatively stable population (Wright et al 2015) in Asia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Liana species decline in Congo basin contrasts with global patterns

Bongers

Ewango

Sande

et al. 2020

Ecology

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Citation: Bongers, F., C. E. N. Ewango, M. T. van der Sande, and L. Poorter. 2020. Liana species decline in Congo basin contrasts with global patterns. Ecology 101(5):Abstract. Lianas, woody climbing plants, are increasing in many tropical forests, with cascading effects such as decreased forest productivity, carbon sequestration, and resilience. Possible causes are increasing forest fragmentation, CO 2 fertilization, and drought. Determining the primary changing species and their underlying vital rates help explain the liana trends. We monitored over 17,000 liana stems for 13 yr in 20 ha of old-growth forest in the Congo Basin, and here we report changes and vital rates for the community and for the 87 most abundant species. The total liana abundance declined from 15,007 lianas in 1994 to 11,090 in 2001 to 9,978 in 2007. Over half (52%) of the evaluated species have significantly declining populations, showing that the community response is not the result of changes in a few dominant species only. Species density change (i.e., the change in number of individuals per hectare) decreased with mortality rate, tended to increase with recruitment rate, but was independent of growth rate. Species change was independent of functional characteristics important for plant responses to fragmentation, CO 2 , and drought, such as lifetime light requirements, climbing and dispersal mechanism, and leaf size. These results indicate that in Congo lianas do not show the reputed global liana increase, but rather a decline, and that elements of the reputed drivers underlying global liana change do not apply to this DR Congo forest. We suggest warfare in the Congo Basin to have decimated the elephant population, leading to less disturbance, forest closure, and declining liana numbers. Our results imply that, in this tropical forest, local causes (i.e., disturbance) override more global causes of liana change resulting in liana decline, which sharply contrasts with the liana increase observed elsewhere.

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“…In fact, 4.22 PgC could be accumulated in that same time period if only 10% of current Neotropical pasture area would be allowed to return to forests and if 60% of the secondary forests are allowed to persist (Chazdon et al ). Aside from socio‐economic aspects, this huge potential could be thwarted for three key reasons related to lianas: (1) Lianas may be increasing in tropical forests, especially in the Neotropics (Schnitzer , Pandian and Parthasarathy , Ceballos and Malizia , Hogan et al ), (2) lianas recruit rapidly in early successional forests (Letcher and Chazdon , Barry et al , Lai et al ), and (3) lianas reduce biomass accumulation significantly in secondary forests (our results, van der Heijden et al , Schnitzer et al , van der Heijden et al , Lai et al ). If future forecasts of carbon accumulation and carbon sinks were to increase in accuracy, they should integrate into their calculations the strength by which lianas reduce tree biomass across young secondary forests (di Porcia e Brugnera et al , Schnitzer et al , Verbeeck and Kearsley ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The influence of lianas on forest regeneration in tropical forests may be much stronger now than in previous decades because lianas are increasing in abundance and biomass in neotropical forests (Schnitzer ). There are now 15 studies demonstrating that liana density, productivity, and biomass are all increasing relative to trees in tropical forests (Schnitzer , Pandian and Parthasarathy , Ceballos and Malizia , Hogan et al ). Liana density has increased in forests in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, French Guiana, India, and Panama.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lianas reduce biomass accumulation in early successional tropical forests

Estrada‐Villegas

Hall

Breugel

et al. 2020

Ecology

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Citation: Estrada-Villegas, S., J. S. Hall, M. van Breugel, and S. A. Schnitzer. 2020. Lianas reduce biomass accumulation in early successional tropical forests. Ecology 101(5):Abstract. Early successional tropical forests could mitigate climate change via rapid accumulation of atmospheric carbon. However, liana (woody vine) abundance and biomass has been increasing in many tropical forests over the past decades, which may slow the speed at which secondary forests accumulate biomass. Lianas decrease biomass accumulation in tropical forests, and may have a particularly strong effect on young forests by stalling tree growth. As forests mature, trees may outgrow or shed lianas, thus escaping some of the negative effects of lianas. Alternatively, lianas may have the strongest effect in older successional forests if the effect of lianas is commensurate with their density, which increases dramatically in the first decades of forest succession. We tested these two hypotheses using a landscape liana-removal experiment in 30 forest stands that ranged from 10 to 35 yr old in Central Panama. We measured tree growth and biomass accumulation in the stands every year from 2014 to 2017. We found that the effect of liana removal on large trees (≥20-cm diameter) decreased with forest age, supporting the hypothesis that lianas have the strongest negative effects on trees, and thus biomass uptake and carbon storage, in very young successional forests. Large trees accumulated more biomass in the absence of lianas in younger forests than in older forests (compared to controls) even after accounting for the effect of canopy completeness and crown illumination, implying that the detrimental effects of lianas go well beyond resource availability and crown health. There was no significant effect of lianas on small trees (1-20-cm diameter), likely because lianas seek light and thus do not deploy their leaves on small trees that are trapped in the forest understory. Our results show that high liana density early in forest succession reduces forest biomass accumulation by negatively impacting large trees, thus decreasing the capacity of young secondary forests to mitigate climate change. Although the negative effects of lianas on forest biomass diminish as forests age, they do not disappear, and thus lianas are an important component of tropical forest carbon budgets throughout succession.

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Liana density declined and basal area increased over 12 y in a subtropical montane forest in Argentina

Cited by 19 publications

References 50 publications

Guidelines for including bamboos in tropical ecosystem monitoring

Guidelines for including bamboos in tropical ecosystem monitoring

Liana species decline in Congo basin contrasts with global patterns

Lianas reduce biomass accumulation in early successional tropical forests

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