Li-containing alloys beneficial for stabilizing lithium anode: a review

Abstract

Due to the soaring growth of the electric vehicles and grid energy storage markets, the high-safety and high-energy-density battery storage systems are urgent needed. Lithium metal anode with highest theoretical specific capacity (3860 mA•h•g-1) and the lowest electrochemical potential (-3.04 V vs standard hydrogen electrode) is regarded as the ultimate choice for the high energy density batteries. However, its safety problems as well as the low Coulombic efficiency during the Li plating and stripping processes significantly limit the commercialization of lithium metal batteries. Recently, Li-containing alloys have demonstrated vital roles in inhibiting lithium dendrite growth, controlling interfacial reactions and enhancing the Coulombic efficiency as well as cycle life. Accordingly, in this perspective, the progresses of lithium alloys for robust, stable and dendrite free anode for rechargeable lithium metal batteries are summarized. The challenges and future focus research of lithium-containing alloys in lithium metal batteries are also discussed.

A review of all‐solid‐state lithium‐selenium batteries

“…137,138 Li-In alloy could be identified as an ideal anode because it exhibits many advantages, for instance, minimal capacity fade, thermodynamically and kinetically stability toward SSEs, high electro-positivity of Li compared to In and a constant redox potential of 0.62 V versus Li + /Li 0 . 139 The synthesized Li-In alloy was conducted by melting 18 at% Li and 10 at% In at 300°C. 140 The production method of other Li-M alloys is shown in Figure 13B-D. 139,141 However, the high operating potentials of Li-M alloys would lead to reduced energy density, which limits their application in ASSLSeBs.…”

“…139 The synthesized Li-In alloy was conducted by melting 18 at% Li and 10 at% In at 300°C. 140 The production method of other Li-M alloys is shown in Figure 13B-D. 139,141 However, the high operating potentials of Li-M alloys would lead to reduced energy density, which limits their application in ASSLSeBs.…”

“…Reproduced with permission. 139 Copyright 2020, De Gruyter. (C) Illustration of the preparation process of carbon-supported Li-Si alloy electrodes.…”

Recent advances of non-lithium metal anode materials for solid-state lithium-ion batteries

“…As new alloy anode materials for high energy density lithium-ion batteries, Bi and Sb can generate Li 3 Bi and Li 3 Sb in the electrode reaction process, which provides volume capacities of 3800 mA h cm À3 and 4420 mA h cm À3 , respectively, showing the same performance that is expected in solid-state lithium-ion batteries. 33 Many articles focus on the problems of lithium metal as an anode material in solid-state batteries, [34][35][36][37] and few articles systematically comment on the application of non-lithium metal anode materials in solid-state lithium-ion batteries. Here, we focus on reviewing the research progress of lithium-free anode materials in solid-state batteries.…”

“…Many articles focus on the problems of lithium metal as an anode material in solid-state batteries, 34–37 and few articles systematically comment on the application of non-lithium metal anode materials in solid-state lithium-ion batteries. Here, we focus on reviewing the research progress of lithium-free anode materials in solid-state batteries.…”