Levels of PM 2.5 /PM 10 and associated metal(loid)s in rural households of Henan Province, China

Characterization of particulate-bound PAHs in rural households using different types of domestic energy in Henan Province, China

“…The daily mean concentrations of BaP associated with PM 2.5 or PM 10 were exceeded the Chinese Air Quality Standards (1.0 ng m −3 ) for indoor air (GB/T, 1883(GB/T, -2002 in autumn and winter. In addition, the sampled households in the present study also suffered serious levels of PM 2.5 and PM 10 (Wu et al, 2015). Ohura et al (2005) indicated that the combination of PM 2.5 with carcinogenic PAHs could impose harmful effects on human health and can predispose people to respiratory disease.…”

“…A significant positive correlation was found between PM 10 concentrations and PM 10 -bound PAHs in autumn (r = 0.533, p b 0.001, n = 36). Our recent study demonstrated that PM 2.5 concentrations in kitchens using LPG were comparable with using crop residues and coal, and the corresponding PM 10 concentrations (421.5 ± 171.3 μg m − 3 ) were apparently higher in autumn than using crop residues (237.4 ± 84.2 μg m − 3 ), coal (288.0 ± 73.8 μg m −3 ) or electricity (211.4 ± 64.7 μg m −3 ) in rural Henan (Wu et al, 2015). Further studies are needed to understand emissions of PAHs in kitchens using LPG because increasing rural Chinese households are shifting from the use of biomass and coal to LPG as a "clean" fuel.…”

“…Totally 168 PM 2.5 and PM 10 samples were collected in kitchens, sitting rooms and outdoors from the 12 households. Details of the selection criteria and structure of the sampling households, sampling and the treatment of filters of PM 2.5 and PM 10 were previously described (Wu et al, 2015). …”

Elements in Fine Particulate Matter (PM $$_{2.5}$$ 2.5 ) from Indoor Air During Household Stoves Coal Combustion at Xuanwei, China

“…A previous study reported mass concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, Ni and Mn in PM 2:5 for household coal combustion in rural Henan Province in China. The results indicated that the measured elements in the kitchen area were in a range of 1.94-609.7 pg m À3 during two seasons (autumn and winter), which was highest compared to sitting area and outdoor in the study (Wu et al 2015). A past study found that fine particles were the major component of the Xuanwei ambient particulate matters and trace elements (Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb) dominated in fine particle fraction, accounted for $ 6-8% in composition in two seasons (spring and winter) (Lu et al 2014).…”

Social Network Analysis of Actors in Rural Development: A Case Study of Yanhe Village, Hubei Province, China

“…Agricultural production, rural areas, and farmers are three key aspects of agriculture related to sustainable economic and social development in China. Rural development in China has gradually attracted interest in academic circles, which mainly focus on rural industry (Beck, Lu, and Yang ; Lan et al ; Shen ; Sun and Wang ; Xu and Tan ; Yuan, Wei, and Chen ; Zhao, Finlay, and Kneafsey ), rural land and housing (Li, Chen, Wang, and Liu, ; Li et al ; Liu, Spaargaren et al ; Liu et al ; Long and Li ; Tang, Mason, and Sun ; Tang, Mason, and Wang ; Wang, Zhang, and Cheong ; Wang et al ; Xi et al ; Xu, Tang, and Chan ; Zhu et al ), rural environments and energy use (Liu, Wang, and Mol ; Wu et al ), population change (Liu, Xie et al ; van der Ploeg, Ye, and Pan ; Zhang et al ), rural development patterns (Hao et al ; Li, Long, and Liu ; Liu, Lu, and Chen ; Long, Zou, and Liu ), and participatory political structures (Luo and Liu ). However, the literature so far has paid insufficient attention to the analysis of actors in rural development.…”