Levels of 25(OH)D3, IL-2, and C-peptide in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) Receiving Vitamin D3 Supplementation

Abstract

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) has become a health problem in many countries. T1DM is the consequence of autoimmune destruction process of β cells. There was relationship between vitamin D deficiency with T1DM. The destruction process was caused by an imbalance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. One of the pro-inflammatory cytokines is IL-2. C-peptide examination to see the function of beta cells due to destruction of pancreatic beta cell. Administration of vitamin D 3 supplementation still cause controversy and give varying results. This randomized clinical trial was conducted to determine the levels of 25(OH)D 3 , IL-2, and C-peptide in people with T1DM who received vitamin D 3 supplementation. The subjects were 26 children with T1DM, divided into K1 group (received vitamin D 3 supplementation) and K2 group (received placebo). The results showed higher levels of 25(OH)D 3 in the K1 group and statistically found a significant difference (p = 0.00). Higher levels of IL-2 and lower C-peptide were obtained in the K1 group and no statistically significant differences were found (p = 0.76 and p= 0.26). The insignificant relationship and the negative correlation were found between 25(OH)D 3 and IL-2 (p = 0.71; r = -0.12), 25(OH)D 3 and C-peptide (p = 0.59; r = -0.16), also levels of IL-2 and C-peptide (p = 0.13; r = -0.44) in children with type 1 diabetes who received vitamin D3 supplementation. From this study can be concluded that administration vitamin D 3 supplementation in patients with T1DM can increase levels 25(OH)D 3 significantly. This increase has not significantly lowered levels of IL-2 and increased levels of C-peptide. However, there was an absolute decrease in the rate of slower C-peptide in the supplemented group than in the placebo group.