Levels and chiral signatures of persistent organochlorine pollutants in human tissues from Belgium

Chu, Shi-Jye; Covaci, Adrian; Schepens, Paul

doi:10.1016/s0013-9351(03)00016-1

Cited by 115 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The data recorded here are in contrast to those recorded by Chu et al (2003) for CB-95, CB-132 and CB-149 in human muscle, kidney and brain samples that were all racemic or nearly racemic. However, they do match those recorded by Chu et al (2003) for liver samples which were largely non-racemic in nature. This suggests that sera may in fact reflect liver profiles only, rather than whole body signatures.…”

Section: Enantiomeric Fractionscontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…In one worker (S029) the proportion of E1 enantiomer was over 10 times greater than the E2 enantiomer. This mirrors the work of Chu et al (2003) who found similar results for CB-95 in human liver samples. However in this current study the extent of change was much greater than was reported in Chu et al (2003), with the results showing evidence of near complete removal of the E2 enantiomer in some participants.…”

Section: Enantiomeric Fractionssupporting

confidence: 90%

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Can polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) signatures and enantiomer fractions be used for source identification and to age date occupational exposure?

Megson

Focant

Patterson

et al. 2015

Environment International

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Detailed polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) signatures and chiral Enantiomer Fractions (EFs) of CB-95, CB-136 and CB-149 were measured for 30 workers at a transformer dismantling plant. This was undertaken to identify sources of exposure and investigate changes to the PCB signature and EFs over different exposure periods. Approximately 1.5 g of serum was extracted and PCB signatures were created through analysis by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOFMS) and EFs calculated following analysis by gas chromatography with high resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS). A total of 84 PCBs were identified in the serum samples with concentrations of the 7 indicator PCBs ranging from 11-350 ng g −1 of serum (1.2-39 μg g −1 lipid). The PCB signatures were interpreted using principal component analysis (PCA) which was able to distinguish workers with background or recent minimal exposure from those with prolonged occupational exposure. Occupationally exposed individuals had a similar PCB profile to Aroclor A1260. However, individuals with prolonged exposure had depleted proportions of several PCB congeners that are susceptible to metabolism (CB-95, CB-101 and CB-151) and elevated proportions of PCBs that are resistant to metabolism (CB-74, CB-153, CB-138 and CB-180). The results also identified a third group of workers with elevated proportions of CB-28, CB-60, CB-66, CB-74, CB-105 and CB-118 who appeared to have been exposed to an additional source of PCBs. The results show near complete removal of the CB-95 E2 enantiomer in some samples, indicating that bioselective metabolism or preferential excretion of one enantiomer occurs in humans. By considering PCB concentrations along with detailed congener specific signatures it was possible to identify different exposure sources, and gain an insight into both the magnitude and duration of exposure.

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Section: Enantiomeric Fractionscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Enantiomeric Fractionssupporting

confidence: 90%

Can polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) signatures and enantiomer fractions be used for source identification and to age date occupational exposure?

Megson

Focant

Patterson

et al. 2015

Environment International

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“…The importance of this study resides in the fact that human exposure to PCBs (especially PCB-153) is ubiquitous and once the PCBs are in the body, important quantities of the parent congeners or their metabolites are retained for long periods of time (Chu et al 2003;Guo et al 1997). Therefore, the real human health concern is the long term effects of PCBs in the body, such as cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PCB-153 is one of the most abundant congeners in the environment, and in both animals and humans (Chu et al 2003;Duarte-Davidson et al 1994;Falandysz et al 1994;Gill et al 2004;Lanting et al 1998;Mariottini et al 2000). Besides being one of the most abundant congeners in the environment, PCB-153 has been previously shown to increase hepatocyte proliferation in rats (Lu et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of dietary glycine on the hepatic tumor promoting activity of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in rats

et al. 2007

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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitious lipophilic environmental pollutants. Some of the PCB congeners and mixtures of congeners have tumor promoting activity in rat liver. The mechanism of their activity is not fully understood and is likely to be multifactorial. The aim of this study was to investigate if the resident liver macrophages, Kupffer cells, are important in the promoting activity of PCBs. The hypothesis of this study was that the inhibition of Kupffer cell activity would inhibit hepatic tumor promotion by PCBs in rats. To test our hypothesis, we studied the effects of Kupffer cell inhibition by dietary glycine (an inhibitor of Kupffer cell secretory activity) in a rat two-stage hepatocarcinogenesis model using 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB-153, a non-dioxin-like PCB) or 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB-77, a dioxin-like PCB) as promoters. Diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 150 mg/kg) was administered to female Sprague Dawley rats, which were then placed on an unrefined diet containing 5% glycine (or casein as nitrogen control) starting two weeks after DEN administration. On the third day after starting the diets, rats received PCB-77 (300 μmol/kg), PCB-153 (300 μmol/kg), or corn oil by i.p. injection. The rats received a total of 4 PCB injections, administered every 14 days. The rats were euthanized on the 10th day after the last PCB injection, and the formation of altered hepatic foci expressing placental glutathione S-transferase (PGST) and the rate of DNA synthesis in these foci and in the normal liver tissue were determined. Glycine did not significantly affect foci number or volume. PCB-153 did not significantly increase the focal volume, but increased the number of foci per liver, but only in the rats not fed glycine; PCB-77 increased both the foci number and their volume in both glycine-fed and control rats. Glycine did not alter the PCB content of the liver, but did increase the activity of 7-benzyloxyresorufin Odealkylase (BROD) in liver microsomes from PCB-153 treated rats. However, glycine did not affect the induction of ethoxyresorufin O-dealkylase activity by PCB-77 in liver microsomes. Glycine diminished hepatocyte proliferation in PGST-positive foci, but not in normal tissue. Overall these results do not support the hypothesis that dietary glycine inhibits the promoting activities of PCBs. The observations that PCB-153 increased the number of foci per liver in control rats but not glycinefed rats and that dietary glycine reduced cell proliferation in PGST-positive foci, however, do not Correspondence to: Howard P. Glauert, Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, 222 Funkhouser Building, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0054, Telephone: 859-257-7789, FAX: 859-323-0061, E-Mail: hglauert@uky.edu Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the ...

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“…We selected a range of concentrations that were relevant to, or slightly higher than, the levels to which humans may have been exposed (Chu et al, 2003;Corrigan et al, 1998Corrigan et al, , 2000Fleming et al, 1994). This same approach, utilized in our dieldrin exposure studies, resulted in several pathological changes that were comparable to those seen in PD (Hatcher et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruption of dopamine transport by DDT and its metabolites

et al. 2008

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Epidemiological studies suggest a link between pesticide exposure and an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD). Although studies have been unable to clearly identify specific pesticides that contribute to PD, a few human studies have reported higher levels of the organochlorine pesticides dieldrin and DDE (a metabolite of DDT) in post-mortem PD brains. Previously, we found that exposure of mice to dieldrin caused perturbations in the nigrostriatal dopamine system consistent with those seen in PD. Given the concern over the environmental persistence and reintroduction of DDT for the control of malaria-carrying mosquitoes and other pests, we sought to determine whether DDT and its two major metabolites, DDD and DDE, could damage the dopamine system. In vitro analyses in mouse synaptosomes and vesicles demonstrated that DDT and its metabolites inhibit the plasma membrane dopamine transporter (DAT) and the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2). However, exposure of mice to either DDT or DDE failed to show evidence of nigrostriatal damage or behavioral abnormalities in any of the measures examined. Thus, we report that in vitro effects of DDT and its metabolites on components of the dopamine system do not translate into neurotoxicological outcomes in orally exposed mice and DDT appears to have less dopamine toxicity when compared to dieldrin. These data suggest elevated DDE levels in PD patients may represent a measure of general pesticide exposure and that other pesticides may be responsible for the association between pesticide exposure and PD.

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Levels and chiral signatures of persistent organochlorine pollutants in human tissues from Belgium

Cited by 115 publications

References 41 publications

Can polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) signatures and enantiomer fractions be used for source identification and to age date occupational exposure?

Can polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) signatures and enantiomer fractions be used for source identification and to age date occupational exposure?

The effect of dietary glycine on the hepatic tumor promoting activity of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in rats

Disruption of dopamine transport by DDT and its metabolites

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