Lessons from arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal genomes

Lanfranco, Luisa; Bonfante, Paola

doi:10.1016/j.mib.2023.102357

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…While this interaction needs more investigation, experiments that only consider plants, AMF, and N sources may exclude multiple kingdoms of taxa that are performing N-cycling processes. Since AMF cannot acquire C in the absence of plants or mobilize different forms of organic N ( 50 , 51 ), AMF-related nutrient dynamics are influenced by C provided by the host plant and inorganic N released by soil microbes, regardless of any byproduct mutualism arising from microbial interactions ( Fig. 1 ).…”

Section: Diversified Tradementioning

confidence: 99%

Expanded trade: tripartite interactions in the mycorrhizosphere

Charakas,

Khokhani

2024

mSystems

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Interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), plants, and the soil microbial community have the potential to increase the availability and uptake of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) in agricultural systems. Nutrient exchange between plant roots, AMF, and the adjacent soil microbes occurs at the interface between roots colonized by mycorrhizal fungi and soil, referred to as the mycorrhizosphere. Research on the P exchange focuses on plant–AMF or AMF–microbe interactions, lacking a holistic view of P exchange between the plants, AMF, and other microbes. Recently, N exchange at both interfaces revealed the synergistic role of AMF and bacterial community in N uptake by the host plant. Here, we highlight work carried out on each interface and build upon it by emphasizing research involving all members of the tripartite network. Both nutrient systems are challenging to study due to the complex chemical and biological nature of the mycorrhizosphere. We discuss some of the effective methods to identify important nutrient processes and the tripartite members involved in these processes. The extrapolation of in vitro studies into the field is often fraught with contradiction and noise. Therefore, we also suggest some approaches that can potentially bridge the gap between laboratory-generated data and their extrapolation to the field, improving the applicability and contextual relevance of data within the field of mycorrhizosphere interactions. Overall, we argue that the research community needs to adopt a holistic tripartite approach and that we have the means to increase the applicability and accuracy of in vitro data in the field.

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Section: Diversified Tradementioning

confidence: 99%

Expanded trade: tripartite interactions in the mycorrhizosphere

Charakas,

Khokhani

2024

mSystems

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“…AMF belong to 11 families, 25 genera, and nearly 250 species [191]. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is the widespread mutualistic relationship between fungi and plants and plays an important role in nutrient exchange, ecosystem sustainability, the enhancement of plant stress resistance, and the development of host plants [192][193][194][195][196]. AMF increase the C allocation of the host plant below ground, which can form a microbial community composition [197].…”

Section: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (Amf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Application of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi as Microbial Biostimulant, Sustainable Approaches in Modern Agriculture

Sun,

Shahrajabian

2023

Plants

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Biostimulant application can be considered an effective, practical, and sustainable nutritional crop supplementation and may lessen the environmental problems related to excessive fertilization. Biostimulants provide beneficial properties to plants by increasing plant metabolism, which promotes crop yield and improves the quality of crops; protecting plants against environmental stresses such as water shortage, soil salinization, and exposure to sub-optimal growth temperatures; and promoting plant growth via higher nutrient uptake. Other important benefits include promoting soil enzymatic and microbial activities, changing the architecture of roots, increasing the solubility and mobility of micronutrients, and enhancing the fertility of the soil, predominantly by nurturing the development of complementary soil microbes. Biostimulants are classified as microbial, such as arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF), plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), non-pathogenic fungi, protozoa, and nematodes, or non-microbial, such as seaweed extract, phosphite, humic acid, other inorganic salts, chitin and chitosan derivatives, protein hydrolysates and free amino acids, and complex organic materials. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are among the most prominent microbial biostimulants and have an important role in cultivating better, healthier, and more functional foods in sustainable agriculture. AMF assist plant nutrient and water acquisition; enhance plant stress tolerance against salinity, drought, and heavy metals; and reduce soil erosion. AMF are proven to be a sustainable and environmentally friendly source of crop supplements. The current manuscript gives many examples of the potential of biostimulants for the production of different crops. However, further studies are needed to better understand the effectiveness of different biostimulants in sustainable agriculture. The review focuses on how AMF application can overcome nutrient limitations typical of organic systems by improving nutrient availability, uptake, and assimilation, consequently reducing the gap between organic and conventional yields. The aim of this literature review is to survey the impacts of AMF by presenting case studies and successful paradigms in different crops as well as introducing the main mechanisms of action of the different biostimulant products.

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“…Fungi often present more than one gene encoding for the basic RNAi components, typically 1–2 DCL, 1–4 AGO and 1–4 RdRp (Chang et al ., 2012). AM fungi are characterized by a conserved repertoire of core RNAi genes that exhibit distinctive attributes from other fungi (Lee et al ., 2018; Silvestri et al ., 2019, 2020; Dallaire et al ., 2021; Lanfranco & Bonfante, 2023). A first salient hallmark of AM fungi is the expansion of the AGO gene family: In R. irregularis , this gene family consists of 26 complete AGO genes and an additional 14 genes that contain the typical PIWI domain but lack other AGO domains.…”

Section: Insights On Small Rna and Rnai In Am Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fungi often present more than one gene encoding for the basic RNAi components, typically 1-2 DCL, 1-4 AGO and 1-4 RdRp (Chang et al, 2012). AM fungi are characterized by a conserved repertoire of core RNAi genes that exhibit distinctive attributes from other fungi (Lee et al, 2018;Silvestri et al, 2019Silvestri et al, , 2020Dallaire et al, 2021;Lanfranco & Bonfante, 2023) AGO genes and an additional 14 genes that contain the typical PIWI domain but lack other AGO domains. In the Rhizophagus genus, the RdRP gene family also shows some level of expansion, with R. irregularis having 21 RdRps, six of which correspond to small peptides containing a short RdRp domain unreported in other species (Silvestri et al, 2019).…”

Section: Insights On Small Rna and Rnai In Am Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

A journey into the world of small RNAs in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis

Ledford,

Silvestri,

Fiorilli

et al. 2023

New Phytologist

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SummaryArbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is a mutualistic interaction between fungi and most land plants that is underpinned by a bidirectional exchange of nutrients. AM development is a tightly regulated process that encompasses molecular communication for reciprocal recognition, fungal accommodation in root tissues and activation of symbiotic function. As such, a complex network of transcriptional regulation and molecular signaling underlies the cellular and metabolic reprogramming of host cells upon AM fungal colonization. In addition to transcription factors, small RNAs (sRNAs) are emerging as important regulators embedded in the gene network that orchestrates AM development. In addition to controlling cell‐autonomous processes, plant sRNAs also function as mobile signals capable of moving to different organs and even to different plants or organisms that interact with plants. AM fungi also produce sRNAs; however, their function in the AM symbiosis remains largely unknown. Here, we discuss the contribution of host sRNAs in the development of AM symbiosis by considering their role in the transcriptional reprogramming of AM fungal colonized cells. We also describe the characteristics of AM fungal‐derived sRNAs and emerging evidence for the bidirectional transfer of functional sRNAs between the two partners to mutually modulate gene expression and control the symbiosis.

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Lessons from arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal genomes

Cited by 13 publications

References 58 publications

Expanded trade: tripartite interactions in the mycorrhizosphere

Expanded trade: tripartite interactions in the mycorrhizosphere

The Application of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi as Microbial Biostimulant, Sustainable Approaches in Modern Agriculture

A journey into the world of small RNAs in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis

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