Do trees use reserve or newly assimilated carbon for their defense reactions? A 13C labeling approach with young Scots pines inoculated with a bark-beetle-associated fungus (Ophiostoma brunneo ciliatum)

Guérard, Natacha; Maillard, Pascale; Bréchet, Claude; Lieutier, François; Dreyer, Erwin

doi:10.1051/forest:2007038

Cited by 51 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…At a within-species scale, stored resources can play a significant role in overcoming browsing, disease and competition (McPherson and Williams 1998;Cruz et al 2003;Cuesta et al 2010). Stored C rather than current photosynthesis provided most of the C used for the construction of reaction tissues in P. sylvestris infected with a pathogenic fungus (Guérard et al 2007). Competition hinders growth and thus future competition capacity of plants by reducing the amount of stored resources.…”

Section: Competition and Herbivorymentioning

confidence: 98%

The role of stored carbohydrates and nitrogen in the growth and stress tolerance of planted forest trees

2015

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Plants store compounds that supplement external resources to maintain primary functions. We reviewed the role of stored non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) and nitrogen (N) in juvenile woody species for spring growth and cold and drought stress tolerance, which are crucial processes for early performance of forest plantations. Plant functional types differed in NSC and N partitioning and allocation to new growth. In general, however, new leaves/shoots were more enriched in remobilized resources than new fine roots. Conifers used less remobilized resources than broadleaf species for fine root growth. New shoots/leaves were mostly comprised of remobilized N ([60 %) in conifers and broadleaf deciduous species, while broadleaf evergreens relied more on soil N (\50 % remobilized N). In contrast, few differences among functional groups existed in the contribution of remobilized carbon (C) to new leaves/shoots, which comprised 28-45 % of stored C reflecting the importance of current photosynthesis and distinctions in C and N remobilization physiology. The amount of N remobilized by an organ was positively related to its contribution to seedling N content. However, leaves are priority N sources in evergreens, which remobilized more N than predicted by their contribution to seedling N content. In contrast, roots in broadleaf evergreens and conifers were poor contributors of remobilized N. Under low stress, spring growth has little effect on NSC reserves. However, prolonged and intense photosynthesis depression strongly reduces NSC. In contrast, N reserves usually decline after planting and their replenishment takes longer than for NSC reserves. Strong storage reduction can hinder seedling stress acclimation and survival capacity. Resource storage can be promoted in the nursery by arresting plant growth and Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (supplying resources at a higher rate than seedling growth and maintenance rate. We conclude that the way in which woody plants manage stored resources drives their growth and stress tolerance. However, plant functional types differ in storage physiology, which should be considered in silvicultural management.

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Section: Competition and Herbivorymentioning

confidence: 98%

The role of stored carbohydrates and nitrogen in the growth and stress tolerance of planted forest trees

2015

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“…The high drop in tree mortality observed in protected forests is difficult to explain by natural factors, as the large silvicultural, epidemiological and ecological homogeneity of the investigated stands did not support any influence of the local conditions, and the only main difference among control and other stands was the occurrence of the trapping devices. In addition, the possible variation over space of climatic factors, which may locally decrease or increase tree resistance and insect breeding success (Guérard et al, 2007), was balanced by the random distribution of the stands. A possible explanation may be found considering the role of natural enemy populations, which could have different density among stands.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Damage reduction and performance of mass trapping devices for forest protection against the spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus (Coleoptera Curculionidae Scolytinae)

Faccoli¹,

Stergulc

2008

Ann. For. Sci.

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To cite this version:Massimo Faccoli, Fabio Stergulc. Damage reduction and performance of mass trapping devices for forest protection against the spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus (Coleoptera Curculionidae Scolytinae). Annals of Forest Science, Springer Verlag/EDP Sciences, 2008, 65 (3), pp.1. Ann. For. Sci. 65 (2008) Abstract -• The spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus, is one of the main European forest pests, and mass trapping is probably the most common strategy applied to reduce its population density. However, the results concerning the effectiveness of this control system are often controversal, and many studies consider only the trapping performance with no attention to the damage reduction.• During spring-summer 2005, a control program against I. typographus outbreaks was set up in NE Italy. Twenty-four spruce forests heavily infested by I. typographus were studied: six protected by pheromone slot-traps, six by horizontal trap-logs and six by standing trap-logs; six untreated stands were kept as controls. Trap-logs were baited with a pheromone specific to I. typographus and treated with insecticide. Each type of device was tested at high, medium and low density in relation to the number of trees infested during the previous year. New damage occurring in the investigated stands was later monitored for one year.• Protected forests showed mean damage about 80% lower in 2005 than in 2004, with no statistical difference among traps, trap-logs or standing trap-logs. Instead, unprotected forests (controls) suffered damage to a similar extent in both years. Trapping devices showed no statistical differences among mean captures. Device densities showed similar results in damage reduction and insect trapping.• The results support the hypothesis that intensive trapping performed at stand level may be useful for protecting forests against I. typographus, locally reducing population density and tree mortality.spruce / bark beetle / outbreak / mass trapping / biological control Résumé -Réduction des dégâts et efficacité des dispositifs de piégeage de masse pour la protection des forêts contre le typographe, Ips typographus (Coleoptera Curculionidae Scolytinae).• Le coléoptère scolytide, Ips typographus, est l'un des principaux ravageurs des forêts européennes d'épicéa, et le piégeage phéromonal est probablement le procédé de lutte le plus utilisé pour réduire la densité de ses populations. Cependant, l'efficacité de ce système de contrôle n'est souvent pas très claire, et beaucoup d'études considèrent seulement les performances du piégeage et non la réduction des dégâts.• En 2005, un programme de lutte contre I. typographus a été appliqué dans le Nord-Ouest de l'Italie. Une étude a été conduite dans 24 forêts d'épicéa lourdement infestées par le typographe : six protégées par pièges à phéromones, six par arbres-pièges abattus, six par arbres-pièges sur pied, et six laissées sans protection (témoins). Les arbres-pièges ont été appâtés avec une phéromone spécifique d' I. typographus et traités avec un...

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“…Species having high resprouting potential, such as D. beccariana, is known to have several strategies to protect their stems against decomposers (Just et al, 2017;Poorter et al, 2010). Especially, stems of D. beccariana might contain high lignin or secondary metabolites such as phenols, which possibly hamper termite feeding (Freschet et al, 2012;Guérard et al, 2007;Just et al, 2017). The termites might feed more on D. beccariana after these metabolites were sufficiently degraded by fungi (Ulyshen, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Contribution of Termites to Mass Loss of Dead Wood among Three Tree Species during 23 Months in a Lowland Tropical Rainforest

Roh¹,

Lee²,

Li³

et al. 2018

Sociobiology

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This study investigated the contribution of termites to mass loss of dead wood (Macaranga bancana, Elateriospermum tapos, and Dillenia beccariana) in a lowland tropical rainforest, Brunei Darussalam. Mesh bag method was used to exclude termites, and the mass remaining was monitored after 3, 7, 13, and 23 months. C/N ratio of the samples was analyzed after 13 and 23 months. Initial wood density was 0.63, 0.92, and 1.02 g/cm3 for M. bancana, E. tapos, and D. beccariana, respectively, and the termite contribution to mass loss was an average (range) of 13.05±5.68 (4.17-29.59%), 3.48±1.13 (2.20-6.49), and 3.40±1.92% (0.74-10.78), respectively. Until 7 months, termites contributed highly to mass loss, given the low initial wood density, and interaction effect of species and treatment was significant. After 7 months, the contribution decreased in M. bancana and E. tapos, whereas it increased consistently in D. beccariana. The interaction effect was not significant, whereas differences in C/N ratio among the species were significant, with a lower C/N ratio in M. bancana and E. tapos than in D. beccariana. After 23 months, the differences in C/N ratio were not significant, and ants were present at 40% of control samples in M. bancana and E. tapos. Our results suggest that the contribution of termites to mass loss varies by dead wood species and is temporally variable. Initial wood traits could affect the termite feeding in the beginning, however, termites thereafter could forage in response to the varying C/N ratio among species and predators.

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Do trees use reserve or newly assimilated carbon for their defense reactions? A 13C labeling approach with young Scots pines inoculated with a bark-beetle-associated fungus (Ophiostoma brunneo ciliatum)

Cited by 51 publications

References 49 publications

The role of stored carbohydrates and nitrogen in the growth and stress tolerance of planted forest trees

The role of stored carbohydrates and nitrogen in the growth and stress tolerance of planted forest trees

Damage reduction and performance of mass trapping devices for forest protection against the spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus (Coleoptera Curculionidae Scolytinae)

Changes in the Contribution of Termites to Mass Loss of Dead Wood among Three Tree Species during 23 Months in a Lowland Tropical Rainforest

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