Leprosy reactions after <scp>SARS‐COV2</scp> (<scp>COVID</scp>‐19) infection

Gutiérrez-Villarreal, Ilse Marilú; Candiani, Jorge Ocampo; Villarreal‐Martínez, Alejandra; Gómez‐Flores, Minerva; Fernández, Lucía T; Rodríguez-Tamez, Giselle; Pérez-Garza, Daniela M; González‐Martínez, Gerardo; Yamallel-Ortega, Luis A; Chávez‐Álvarez, Sonia

doi:10.1111/jdv.19103

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…As for Lucio’s Phenomenon, even though some articles cite it as a form of leprosy reaction (Type 3 Reaction, T3R), but it remains controversial whether it is a specific type of leprosy reaction. In addition, Covid-19 or smallpox vaccination may cause leprosy reactions in patients ( 51 , 52 ).…”

Section: Nerve Damage and Immune Response In Leprosymentioning

confidence: 99%

Leprosy: treatment, prevention, immune response and gene function

Li,

Ma,

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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Since the leprosy cases have fallen dramatically, the incidence of leprosy has remained stable over the past years, indicating that multidrug therapy seems unable to eradicate leprosy. More seriously, the emergence of rifampicin-resistant strains also affects the effectiveness of treatment. Immunoprophylaxis was mainly carried out through vaccination with the BCG but also included vaccines such as LepVax and MiP. Meanwhile, it is well known that the infection and pathogenesis largely depend on the host’s genetic background and immunity, with the onset of the disease being genetically regulated. The immune process heavily influences the clinical course of the disease. However, the impact of immune processes and genetic regulation of leprosy on pathogenesis and immunological levels is largely unknown. Therefore, we summarize the latest research progress in leprosy treatment, prevention, immunity and gene function. The comprehensive research in these areas will help elucidate the pathogenesis of leprosy and provide a basis for developing leprosy elimination strategies.

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Section: Nerve Damage and Immune Response In Leprosymentioning

confidence: 99%

Leprosy: treatment, prevention, immune response and gene function

Li,

Ma,

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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“…The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak raises further uncertainty regarding the diagnosis of leprosy and its treatment. Leprosy reactions can be triggered by COVID-19 vaccination [6]; however, the overall effect of COVID-19 on the clinical course and treatment of leprosy remains unclear. Studies on leprosy, particularly considering the COVID-19 pandemic, have not been conducted recently in Taiwan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and Treatment of Leprosy in Taiwan during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Study in a Tertiaty Center

Hsieh,

Hsiao

2023

Diagnostics

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Currently, over 200,000 new cases of leprosy are reported annually worldwide. Although leprosy was thought to have been eradicated in Taiwan, a few new cases still occur annually. Protean clinical manifestations of leprosy and immunological reactions result in delayed diagnoses. In addition, drug-resistant leprosy is emerging and poses treatment challenges. In this retrospective study, we collected and analyzed the clinicopathological features, leprosy type, treatment response, and relapse rate of patients with leprosy in our hospital between January 2009 and November 2022. We found that 54% of patients were Indonesian, and borderline lepromatous leprosy was predominant (39%); moreover, histoid leprosy and the Lucio phenomenon were also reported. Polymerase chain reaction analysis identified four positive cases, including a dapsone-resistant (4%) case. Our findings indicated good control of leprosy and a lower rate of dapsone resistance than that reported by the World Health Organization (4% vs. 13%) from 2009 to 2015. We found that the patient profile in terms of the treatment duration, recurrence rate, systemic symptoms, and neurological symptoms did not differ between before and during the pandemic. We report the recent advances in leprosy diagnosis, drug-resistant gene mutations, post-exposure prophylaxis, vaccination, and the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 on leprosy to facilitate updated leprosy diagnosis and management.

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“…11 Up to 20% of patients have been reported to experience type II reactions; however, the true prevalence of these reactions may differ based on leprosy classification. 12 Recently, there have been reports of increased leprosy reactions in patients with COVID-19 infection 13 and after vaccination. 14 Ocular complications of leprosy are more common in lepromatous leprosy (up to 53% of cases) and type I reactions, and they are thought to be due to direct invasion of the globe or ocular adnexa by M. leprae, most likely through the bloodstream.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Case of Lepromatous Leprosy (Lucio’s Phenomenon) Presenting as Periorbital Edema

Swain,

Green,

Kupcha

2024

Ophthalmic Plastic &Amp; Reconstructive Surgery

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Despite low prevalence of leprosy worldwide, new cases continue to present and require swift evaluation and diagnosis to prevent complications. Here, we describe a case of lepromatous leprosy with Lucio’s phenomenon initially presenting with facial and periorbital edema. A 38-year-old Brazilian woman presented to the emergency department with facial swelling and erythema, initially treated as cellulitis. Due to rapid worsening despite broad-spectrum antibiotics, she underwent soft tissue exploration and biopsy due to concern for necrotizing fasciitis. During her course, she also developed retiform purpura of bilateral upper and lower extremities. Periorbital and lower extremity pathological specimens ultimately revealed acid-fast bacilli consistent with Mycobacterium leprae, and the patient improved with multidrug therapy. This case illustrates the diagnostic difficulty of lepromatous leprosy with Lucio’s phenomenon, which can initially present with periorbital edema.

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Leprosy reactions after SARS‐COV2 (COVID‐19) infection

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Leprosy: treatment, prevention, immune response and gene function

Leprosy: treatment, prevention, immune response and gene function

Diagnosis and Treatment of Leprosy in Taiwan during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Study in a Tertiaty Center

A Case of Lepromatous Leprosy (Lucio’s Phenomenon) Presenting as Periorbital Edema

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