Leprosy in <scp>B</scp>razil and its association with characteristics of municipalities: ecological study, 2009–2011

Freitas, Lúcia Rolim Santana de; Duarte, Elisabeth Carmen; García, Leila Posenato

doi:10.1111/tmi.12362

Cited by 59 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The importance of intra-domiciliary transmission was confirmed by comparing it with the probability that multibacillary carriers will be infected even before the clinical manifestation of the disease 17,35,46 . Transmission was also identified in the neighborhood and school environment 39,45 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In t h e a n a l y s e s b y municipalities, three studies examined the N CDR of the country at different moments in time 10,16,17 , and showed concentration in the North and Midwest regions, and in the Northeastern states located in Legal Amazon. The study by Freitas et al 17 To homogenize results, we described NCDR for 100,000 inhabitants and CP for 10,000 inhabitants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study by Freitas et al 17 To homogenize results, we described NCDR for 100,000 inhabitants and CP for 10,000 inhabitants. we described NCDR for 100,000 inhabitants and CP for 10,000 inhabitants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For these indicators, the most used data source was the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Two of the articles used the Gini index 17,23 as a measure of inequality. Regarding demographic conditions, population density was studied (on the scales of neighborhoods and census sectors), as well as the level of urbanization.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 1, Table 2 and Table 3 show the articles' summaries according to the scale used: two evaluated regions/ mesoregions 14,15 ; 13 used the scale of municipalities 10,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] ; 4 evaluated districts [28][29][30][31] ; 6 studied neighborhoods [32][33][34][35][36][37] ; 7 analyzed the census tracts [38][39][40][41][42][43][44] ; and 3 investigated households [45][46][47] . Within each scale, the articles were organized by location: Brazil, Northern, Northeast, Midwest, and Southeast regions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial distribution of leprosy in Brazil: a literature review

Silva

Fonseca

Kawa

et al. 2017

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Leprosy remains a public health problem in developing countries. Among communicable diseases, it is one of the leading causes of permanent disability. Brazil had not reached the goal of reducing cases to less than 1 per 10,000 population. This study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of leprosy cases in Brazil, using a literature review. The search strategy included the LILACS and MEDLINE databases with no language or period restriction. Ecological studies with spatial data analysis were considered as a criterion for the inclusion. We found 38 studies for review after the selection criteria. Among the epidemiological indicators of the disease, the most common was the new case detection rate. Several articles have explored the association between spatial distribution of leprosy and socioeconomic, demographic, and environmental factors. The most common unit of analysis was the municipality. The spatial distribution methods mostly used were: empirical Bayesian method, autocorrelation (Moran's I index) and Kernel estimates. The distribution of leprosy was very heterogeneous, independent of t h e unit of analysis. There was a decrease in the rate of detection and among under-15-year-olds, but some regions maintained high endemicity during the study period. The distribution and risk of illness were directly related to living conditions of the population. Improved access to health services was associated with increased detection rate in some regions. Spatial analysis seems to be a very useful tool to study leprosy and to guide interventions and surveillance.

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