Leishmaniasis in Colombia. I. Studies on the Phlebotomine Fauna Associated with Endemic Foci in the Pacific Coast Region

Travi, Bruno L.; Montoya, James; Solarte, Yezid; Lozano, Luis; Jaramillo, Consuelo

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1988.39.261

Cited by 40 publications

(47 citation statements)

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“…In our case, the low reservoir competence was emphasized by the negative results obtained with Lutzomyia trapidoi, L. gomezi, and L. youngi, which are proven vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis (13,15), and have shown to acquire Leishmania at high rates (37-44%) after feeding on laboratory animals experimentally infected with L. Viannia (23; CIDEIM unpublished).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…To test the capacity of these dogs to transmit Leishmania to sand flies, the animals were subjected to xenodiagnosis. For this purpose, Lutzomyia trapidoi and Lutzomyia gomezi, which are the prevalent sand fly species in this region (13), were collected in the field, and groups of 50 -100 female flies were caged in 500 ml plastic containers furnished with fine mesh. The dogs were anesthetized with xylacine (2 mg/ kg; Rompun®, Bayer) and the lesion borders exposed for 30' to the bites of sand flies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis infection in two Colombian dogs: a note on infectivity for sand flies and response to treatment

2012

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Introduction. Although canine cutaneous leishmaniasis has been reported in several foci of South America, no published information from Colombia is available. Objective. We report on two cases found in the Pacific coast region of this country, which presented as a single scrotal ulcer in one dog, and two ulcers on the external surface of the ear in a second dog. Materials and methods. Parasites were isolated by culture in Senekjie's culture medium and identified using monoclonal antibodies. The capacity of these dogs to transmit the parasites to sand fly vectors (Lutzomyia trapidoi, Lutzomyia gomezi, Lutzomyia longipalpis, Lutzomyia youngi) was tested by allowing the flies to feed on the lesion borders. Results. Both isolates were identified as Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. No infections were detected upon dissection of engorged flies. A single peri-and sub-lesional injection of 1-2 ml of pentavalent antimony in the dog with ear lesions resulted in clinical cure 6 weeks post-treatment. Conclusions. These observations suggest that although dogs are susceptible to L. braziliensis, their reservoir competence could be low. However, if further studies indicate that canines are capable reservoir hosts of L. Viannia spp., the local treatment of lesions could become a feasible approach to diminish the risk of human infection in the peridomestic setting, without sacrificing infected dogs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis infection in two Colombian dogs: a note on infectivity for sand flies and response to treatment

2012

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“…Although light is an important stimulus to phlebotomine sand flies, some species are highly anthropophilic and present low phototropism (Alexander et al 1995, Travi et al 1998. Other species, like L. verrucarum, seem to be more phototropic than anthropophilic (Davies et al 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CDC light traps (Sudia & Chamberlain 1962) and Shannon traps (Shannon 1939) have been used as tools for monitoring phlebotomine sand flies, thus eliminating the ethical problems associates with using human bait. However, some studies have shown that certain phlebotomine sand fly species are highly anthropophilic but rarely phototropic (Alexander et al 1995, Travi et al 1998, while other species seem to be more phototropic than antropophilic, such as Lutzomyia verrucarum Townsend (Davies et al 1995). It is possible that these species are responsive to non-specific kairomones such as CO 2 (Quinnell et al 1992, Campbell-Lendrum et al 1999a, and can be attracted by different species of hosts.…”

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confidence: 99%

Are light traps baited with kairomones effective in the capture of Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lutzomyia intermedia? An evaluation of synthetic human odor as an attractant for phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae)

Andrade

Dias³

et al. 2008

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Haematophagous dipterans of the Nematocera and Brachycera suborders have been objects of study for a better understanding of the behavioral mechanisms used by insects to find their blood meal. This is usually elicited by chemical stimuli (semiochemicals) called kairomones that are often released by the vertebrate hosts (Gibson & Torr 1999).Among the more than 500 species of the subfamily Phlebotominae that are known in the Americas, over 400 belong to the genus Lutzomyia (Young & Duncan 1994, Galati 2003. Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz and Neiva) and L. intermedia (Lutz and Neiva) play an important role in the transmission of leishmaniases (Forattini 1973, Lainson 1989, Lemos & Lima 2005. Host-preference studies of Lutzomyia spp. frequently use animals, such as chicken, dogs, horses (Quinnell et al. 1992, Ximenes et al. 1999, Bongiorno et al. 2003, and occasionally humans as bait (Quinnell et al. 1992, Aguiar et al. 1996, Rebollar-Telez et al. 1999, Pinto et al. 2001. Laboratory assays (e.g., precipitin test) have been used for the identification of hosts that provide the blood meal for the phlebotomine sand flies (Christensen et al. 1982, Afonso et al. 2005). CDC light traps (Sudia & Chamberlain 1962) and Shannon traps (Shannon 1939) have been used as tools for monitoring phlebotomine sand flies, thus eliminating the ethical problems associates with using human bait. However, some studies have shown that certain phlebotomine sand fly species are highly anthropophilic but rarely phototropic (Alexander et al. 1995, Travi et al. 1998, while other species seem to be more phototropic than antropophilic, such as Lutzomyia verrucarum Townsend (Davies et al. 1995). It is possible that these species are responsive to non-specific kairomones such as CO 2 (Quinnell et al. 1992, Campbell-Lendrum et al. 1999a, and can be attracted by different species of hosts. CO 2 is the main volatile kairomone released by vertebrates and it is used by most haematophagous insects to find their hosts (Eiras 2001). Knudsen et al. (1979) demonstrated for the first time the attractiveness of CO 2 (released from dry ice) to phlebotomine sand flies. Light traps (LT) baited with CO 2 enhanced the capture of phlebotomine sand flies in the field (Chaniots 1983), despite the fact that attraction to CO 2 was not observed in the laboratory (Nigam & Ward 1991).The chemical 1-octen-3-ol (octenol) is an important kairomone used by zoophilic dipteran species of the families Muscidae, Tabanidae, Ceratopogonidae and Culicidae to seek their hosts (Kline at al. 1990, Gibson & Torr 1999, Bernier et al. 2000, Eiras 2001). To date, there is no evidence supporting the trapping of phlebotomine sand flies with this kairomone. Lactic acid was the first kairomone identified from human skin (Acree et al. 1968), and its effect in attracting mosquitoes has been evaluated, especially in combination with CO 2 (Kline et al. 1990, Eiras & Jepson 1991, ammonia and some fatty acids (Geier et al. 1999). Ammonia was identified from vertebrate odors in the 1970s (Larson et al. 19...

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“…We combined the expertise of the two institutions to develop a control strategy for CL through community participation. The study was proposed as the next logical stage in a series of epidemiological studies on CL conducted by CIDEIM in Tumaco and sponsored by the International Development Research Center -IDRC of Canada (Weigle et al, 1986Travi et al, 1988). The study constituted part of the leishmaniasis global control network launched by the Canadian agency in 1994.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ecosystem approach to human health and the prevention of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Tumaco, Colombia

Rojas

2001

Cad. Saúde Pública

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A study was conducted during 1996-1997 in 20 villages of Tumaco, Colombia, to evaluate the effectiveness of personal protective measures against cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). The intervention was effective, but the high costs of the preventive measures and the lack of a more holistic approach hampered the intervention's sustainability. This paper analyzes the results using an ecosystem approach to human health. Using this approach, we found that CL has been present in the study area for a long time and affects farmers and those living closest to the forest. The forest constitutes the habitat for insect vectors (sandflies) and parasite reservoirs (wild mammals). Four spatial scales were identified in this ecosystem: residential, village, regional, and global. From the ecosystem perspective, three interventions are proposed to prevent CL in the 20 villages: improve housing construction, organize village housing in clusters, and make diagnosis and treatment of CL more accessible. The design and implementation of these interventions require active involvement by people with the disease (village inhabitants) and decision-makers (local authorities).

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Leishmaniasis in Colombia. I. Studies on the Phlebotomine Fauna Associated with Endemic Foci in the Pacific Coast Region

Cited by 40 publications

References 0 publications

Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis infection in two Colombian dogs: a note on infectivity for sand flies and response to treatment

Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis infection in two Colombian dogs: a note on infectivity for sand flies and response to treatment

Are light traps baited with kairomones effective in the capture of Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lutzomyia intermedia? An evaluation of synthetic human odor as an attractant for phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae)

An ecosystem approach to human health and the prevention of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Tumaco, Colombia

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