Legitimized aggression and sexual coercion: Individual differences in cultural spillover

Abstract

Correlations between aggressive attitudes and sexual coercion have consistently been found in numerous empirical studies across social science disciplines. Extrapolating from sociological research linking indices of legitimate aggression by state to statewide frequencies of rape, we have extended the investigation of legitimate aggression and coercive sexuality to the individual level. The specific purposes of this research were to index the breadth and level of endorsement of legitimized aggression at the individual level and to measure the association between such an index and coercive sexual behavior. These purposes were achieved across the course of three studies in which we created a new dispositional measure, the Proclivity for Legitimized Aggression Questionnaire (PLAQ), and replicated a sociocultural level correlation with coercive sexual behavior (Study 1); assessed the individual differences level construct validity of the PLAQ (Study 2); and tested whether endorsement of items on the PLAQ were related to content‐relevant behaviors (Study 3). The PLAQ was internally consistent, modestly but significantly correlated with a measure of self‐reported coercive sexual behavior, and characterized by promising construct validity. Aggr. Behav. 27:26–43, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Intimate Partner Violence: A Multinational Test of Cultural Spillover Theory

“…Previous research on cultural spillover theory and IPV provided mixed findings in regard to gender. Some suggested similar effects of the approval and use of LV on IPV for males and females (Robertson & Murachver, 2007), whereas some found a stronger impact of LV on IPV for males than females (Anderson & Lo, 2011; Hogben et al, 2001). There are also studies that suggested that cultural spillover theory is highly pertinent to explaining IPV perpetrated by women (Cauffman et al, 2000; Forgey & Badger, 2010).…”

Intimate Partner Violence: A Multinational Test of Cultural Spillover Theory

“…Previous research on cultural spillover theory and IPV provided mixed findings in regard to gender. Some suggested similar effects of the approval and use of LV on IPV for males and females (Robertson & Murachver, 2007), whereas some found a stronger impact of LV on IPV for males than females (Anderson & Lo, 2011; Hogben et al, 2001). There are also studies that suggested that cultural spillover theory is highly pertinent to explaining IPV perpetrated by women (Cauffman et al, 2000; Forgey & Badger, 2010).…”

A Systematic Qualitative Review of Risk and Protective Factors for Sexual Violence Perpetration

“…Similarly, one Chinese study of adolescents and adults found an effect for acceptance of using force in sexual relationships but not for acceptance of violence in general (Lim & Howard, 1998). Hogben and colleagues (Hogben et al, 2001) found the association between acceptance of violence and SV was not supported for female-to-male SV among college students. Finally, one German study with adolescents and young adults did not find an effect for acceptance of violence in relationships and SV (Krahé, 1998).…”

“…One study of community adolescent boys (Sears et al, 2007) found acceptance of violence/SV was associated with SV. Three U.S. studies of collegiate male-to-female SV (Abbey & McAuslan, 2004; Christopher et al, 1993; Hogben et al, 2001) and two international studies found an association between acceptance of violence, adult male-to-female SV (Abrahams et al, 2004) and adult male-on-male SV (Kwon et al, 2007). In collegiate samples, Hall and colleagues (Hall et al, 2005, 2006) found acceptance of violence was mediated by other risk factors and that its effect varied by ethnic group and over time; Vega and Malamuth (2007) found general hostility had a link to sexual aggression through hypermasculinity.…”

“…While aggressive attitudes and beliefs were reviewed earlier, the following studies examined behavioral aspects of aggression. Studies have found that ASOs (Bagley & Shewchuk-Dann, 1991; Moriarty, Stough, Tidmarsh, Eger, & Dennison, 2001; Spaccarelli et al, 1997; Zakireh et al, 2008), community samples of girls and boys (DeSouza & Ribeiro, 2005; Ozer et al, 2004), and collegiate and community samples of adults (Christopher et al, 1998; DeGue & DiLillo, 2004; Gidycz et al, 2007; Hogben, Byrne, Hamburger, & Osland, 2001; Knight & Sims-Knight, 2003; Lackie & de Man, 1997; Malamuth et al, 1995; Marshall & Holtzworth-Munroe, 2002; Smallbone & Dadds, 2000; Ullman et al, 1999) are more likely to report aggressive traits/bullying than comparison groups who did not report SV. One study with rural middle school girls and boys found bullying was associated with SV but not after controlling for dating frequency (Pellegrini, 2001).…”

A meta-analytic integration of research on the relationship between right-wing ideological attitudes and aggressive tendencies

“…With respect to intimate violence, these behavioural indicators are based on self-reports of behaviours enacted in the past, or on intentions and future plans in real or in hypothetical situations (e.g. Hogben et al, 2001;Kelly et al, 2015;LeeChai & Bargh, 2001). In the latter category, individuals indicate whether or not they would enact intimate violence in situations in which they cannot get punished for such acts.…”

Intimate Partner Violence: A Multinational Test of Cultural Spillover Theory

“…Previous research on cultural spillover theory and IPV provided mixed findings in regard to gender. Some suggested similar effects of the approval and use of LV on IPV for males and females (Robertson & Murachver, 2007), whereas some found a stronger impact of LV on IPV for males than females (Anderson & Lo, 2011; Hogben et al, 2001). There are also studies that suggested that cultural spillover theory is highly pertinent to explaining IPV perpetrated by women (Cauffman et al, 2000; Forgey & Badger, 2010).…”

A Systematic Qualitative Review of Risk and Protective Factors for Sexual Violence Perpetration

“…Similarly, one Chinese study of adolescents and adults found an effect for acceptance of using force in sexual relationships but not for acceptance of violence in general (Lim & Howard, 1998). Hogben and colleagues (Hogben et al, 2001) found the association between acceptance of violence and SV was not supported for female-to-male SV among college students. Finally, one German study with adolescents and young adults did not find an effect for acceptance of violence in relationships and SV (Krahé, 1998).…”

“…One study of community adolescent boys (Sears et al, 2007) found acceptance of violence/SV was associated with SV. Three U.S. studies of collegiate male-to-female SV (Abbey & McAuslan, 2004; Christopher et al, 1993; Hogben et al, 2001) and two international studies found an association between acceptance of violence, adult male-to-female SV (Abrahams et al, 2004) and adult male-on-male SV (Kwon et al, 2007). In collegiate samples, Hall and colleagues (Hall et al, 2005, 2006) found acceptance of violence was mediated by other risk factors and that its effect varied by ethnic group and over time; Vega and Malamuth (2007) found general hostility had a link to sexual aggression through hypermasculinity.…”

“…While aggressive attitudes and beliefs were reviewed earlier, the following studies examined behavioral aspects of aggression. Studies have found that ASOs (Bagley & Shewchuk-Dann, 1991; Moriarty, Stough, Tidmarsh, Eger, & Dennison, 2001; Spaccarelli et al, 1997; Zakireh et al, 2008), community samples of girls and boys (DeSouza & Ribeiro, 2005; Ozer et al, 2004), and collegiate and community samples of adults (Christopher et al, 1998; DeGue & DiLillo, 2004; Gidycz et al, 2007; Hogben, Byrne, Hamburger, & Osland, 2001; Knight & Sims-Knight, 2003; Lackie & de Man, 1997; Malamuth et al, 1995; Marshall & Holtzworth-Munroe, 2002; Smallbone & Dadds, 2000; Ullman et al, 1999) are more likely to report aggressive traits/bullying than comparison groups who did not report SV. One study with rural middle school girls and boys found bullying was associated with SV but not after controlling for dating frequency (Pellegrini, 2001).…”

A meta-analytic integration of research on the relationship between right-wing ideological attitudes and aggressive tendencies

“…With respect to intimate violence, these behavioural indicators are based on self-reports of behaviours enacted in the past, or on intentions and future plans in real or in hypothetical situations (e.g. Hogben et al, 2001;Kelly et al, 2015;LeeChai & Bargh, 2001). In the latter category, individuals indicate whether or not they would enact intimate violence in situations in which they cannot get punished for such acts.…”

Intimate Partner Violence: A Multinational Test of Cultural Spillover Theory

“…Previous research on cultural spillover theory and IPV provided mixed findings in regard to gender. Some suggested similar effects of the approval and use of LV on IPV for males and females (Robertson & Murachver, 2007), whereas some found a stronger impact of LV on IPV for males than females (Anderson & Lo, 2011; Hogben et al, 2001). There are also studies that suggested that cultural spillover theory is highly pertinent to explaining IPV perpetrated by women (Cauffman et al, 2000; Forgey & Badger, 2010).…”

A Systematic Qualitative Review of Risk and Protective Factors for Sexual Violence Perpetration

“…Similarly, one Chinese study of adolescents and adults found an effect for acceptance of using force in sexual relationships but not for acceptance of violence in general (Lim & Howard, 1998). Hogben and colleagues (Hogben et al, 2001) found the association between acceptance of violence and SV was not supported for female-to-male SV among college students. Finally, one German study with adolescents and young adults did not find an effect for acceptance of violence in relationships and SV (Krahé, 1998).…”

“…One study of community adolescent boys (Sears et al, 2007) found acceptance of violence/SV was associated with SV. Three U.S. studies of collegiate male-to-female SV (Abbey & McAuslan, 2004; Christopher et al, 1993; Hogben et al, 2001) and two international studies found an association between acceptance of violence, adult male-to-female SV (Abrahams et al, 2004) and adult male-on-male SV (Kwon et al, 2007). In collegiate samples, Hall and colleagues (Hall et al, 2005, 2006) found acceptance of violence was mediated by other risk factors and that its effect varied by ethnic group and over time; Vega and Malamuth (2007) found general hostility had a link to sexual aggression through hypermasculinity.…”

“…While aggressive attitudes and beliefs were reviewed earlier, the following studies examined behavioral aspects of aggression. Studies have found that ASOs (Bagley & Shewchuk-Dann, 1991; Moriarty, Stough, Tidmarsh, Eger, & Dennison, 2001; Spaccarelli et al, 1997; Zakireh et al, 2008), community samples of girls and boys (DeSouza & Ribeiro, 2005; Ozer et al, 2004), and collegiate and community samples of adults (Christopher et al, 1998; DeGue & DiLillo, 2004; Gidycz et al, 2007; Hogben, Byrne, Hamburger, & Osland, 2001; Knight & Sims-Knight, 2003; Lackie & de Man, 1997; Malamuth et al, 1995; Marshall & Holtzworth-Munroe, 2002; Smallbone & Dadds, 2000; Ullman et al, 1999) are more likely to report aggressive traits/bullying than comparison groups who did not report SV. One study with rural middle school girls and boys found bullying was associated with SV but not after controlling for dating frequency (Pellegrini, 2001).…”

A meta-analytic integration of research on the relationship between right-wing ideological attitudes and aggressive tendencies

“…With respect to intimate violence, these behavioural indicators are based on self-reports of behaviours enacted in the past, or on intentions and future plans in real or in hypothetical situations (e.g. Hogben et al, 2001;Kelly et al, 2015;LeeChai & Bargh, 2001). In the latter category, individuals indicate whether or not they would enact intimate violence in situations in which they cannot get punished for such acts.…”