“Legal Highs” – An Emerging Epidemic of Novel Psychoactive Substances

Zawilska, Jolanta B.

doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2015.02.009

Cited by 54 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Synthetic cathinones and cannabimimetics are regarded as the most prevalent groups of novel psychoactive substances (NPS), and over the last decade have gained popularity as recreational drugs (Glennon 2014;Maciów-Głąb et al 2014;Zawilska 2015). Synthetic cathinones usually appear on the market in a form of white or yellowish powder or pills (Zawilska and Wojcieszak 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxic Activity of Pyrovalerone Derivatives, an Emerging Group of Psychostimulant Designer Cathinones

et al. 2016

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The growing popularity of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) has aroused the concerns of public health specialists. The pyrovalerone derivatives are a branch of synthetic cathinones, a very popular group of psychostimulant NPS. Despite numerous case reports of fatal intoxications, little is known about the cytotoxicity of these substances. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate the toxic properties of pyrovalerone, its highly prevalent derivative 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (3,4-MDPV) with its two major metabolites (catechol-MDPV and methylcatechol-MDPV) and the structural isomer 2,3-MDPV, together with newer members of the group, i.e., α-pyrrolidinovalerothiophenone (α-PVT) and α-pyrrolidinooctanophenone (PV9), using model human cell lines for neurons (SH-SY5Y), hepatocytes (Hep G2), and upper airway epithelium (RPMI 2650). We found that the first generation pyrovalerones (pyrovalerone, 3,4-MDPV, and 2,3-MDPV) produced a modest decrease of mitochondrial activity in the three examined cell lines, but were active in lower concentrations than methamphetamine used as a reference psychostimulant compound. Since catechol-MDPV displayed greater toxic potential than the parent compound, we suggest that the toxicity of 3,4-MDPV could be attributed to activity of this metabolite. Strikingly, the two new generation pyrovalerones, α-PVT and PV9, seem to be the most potent cytotoxic compounds: both induced highly pronounced mitochondrial dysfunction; the latter also demonstrated significant damage to cell membranes. The reported in vitro toxic activity of pyrovalerone cathinones against different cell types reinforces existing concerns regarding the health risks associated with the intake of these drugs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxic Activity of Pyrovalerone Derivatives, an Emerging Group of Psychostimulant Designer Cathinones

et al. 2016

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“…1 H NMR and 13 C NMR experiments did not allow the complete characterization of the molecule, so additional NMR experiments were performed. Two methyl groups were identified, related to the methyl 1 H NMR signals.…”

Section: Nuclear Magnetic Resonancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1] According to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction of the European Union, more than 560 NPS are currently being monitored, and 98 of these substance were reported for the first time in 2015. [1] According to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction of the European Union, more than 560 NPS are currently being monitored, and 98 of these substance were reported for the first time in 2015.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and characterization of a putative new psychoactive substance, 2‐(2‐(4‐chlorophenyl)acetamido)‐3‐methylbutanamide, in Spain

Fabregat‐Safont

Fornís

Ventura

et al. 2017

Drug Testing and Analysis

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“…Согласно данным O. Corazza (2013) и J. B Zawilska (2015) наибольшей эффективности в противодействии медицинским угрозам НПВ можно добиться посредством: 1) создания информационной ресурсной сети для непрерывного обмена информацией среди профессионалов; 2) проведения интерактивных семинаров с привлечением современных медиа-и Интернет-технологий (система СМС-оповещений, социальные посты, электронное обучение) [4,5]. Однако необходимо принимать во внимание и особенности организационных аспектов отечественного здравоохранения, в том числе наркологической службы, а также систему республиканских образовательных технологий, которые активно внедряются и используются.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Assessment of needs in improvement of clinical competences on therapy of dependencies from novel psychoactive substances in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Prilutskaya

Molchanov

2017

J CLIN MED KAZ

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Aim of research: assessment of needs in improvement of clinical competences on the topic of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) among specialists of narcological branch.Methods: cross-sectional study is conducted by means of questionnaire survey of 84 specialists from 3 narcological institutions.Results: Persons, who have problems with usage of NPS were represented in common structure of patients, who are suffering from substance addictions with frequency of 9,3%. Considering the regular curation of this patients' group the low level of clinical competences of the third part of respondents is noted on the topic of NPS. Also, incompetent level of knowledge is detected regarding main classes of NPS. Half of respondents (54,8%) are aware of group of synthetic cannabinoids only. Lacked opportunities of education, rare usage of specialized literature, reported by respondents are combined with high demand on new education programs, which include usage of modern information and communication technology: distance education, system of electronic notification and information by means of newsletters and letters for private e-mail.Conclusions: topicality of improvement of competences on topic of NPS is marked, main content of educational programs is determined; forms of continuous information regarding clinical management of cases of NPS abuse are defined.Keywords: novel psychoactive substances -clinical competences -survey -information and communication technologies. Әдістер: 3 наркологиялық ұйымдарынан 84 маманы арасында кросс-секциялық әдісімен зерттеу сауалнамасы өткізілді. Нәтижелері: ЖПЗ тұтыну мәселесі бар адамдар, химиялық тәуелділіктен зардап шегетін науқастардың жалпы құрылымынның жиілігінің 9,3% құрды. ЖПЗ тақырыбы бойынша сұралған, науқастар тобын жиі қадағалайтын медицина мамандарының үштен бір бөлігінің клиникалық құзыреттілігінің деңгейі төмен болғаны байқалды. ЖПЗ негізгі түрлеріне қатысты білім деңгейінің жеткіліксіз екені анықталды. Респонденттердің жартысынан көбі (54,8%) синтетикалық каннабиноидтар тобы туралы түсініктері бар болды. Беру мүмкіндіктерінің бол-мауы, мамандандырылған әдебиетін сирек пайдалану, респонденттер көрсеткен қазіргі заманғы ақпараттық-коммуникациялық технология-ларды пайдалану қажеттілігін ұштастыра отырып, соның ішінде жаңа оқу бағдарламаларын қолдану: қашықтықтан білім беру, электрондық ескерту жүйесі, электрондық ақпараттық және жеке электрондық пошта.Қорытынды: ЖПЗ тақырыбында құзыретін арттыру өзектілігін аталып өтті, білім беру бағдарламаларының негізгі мазмұны анықталды, ЖПЗ пайдалану жағдайларын үздіксіз клиникалық қадағалауынан хабардар болу нысаны анықталды.Маңызды сөздер: Жаңа психобелсенді заттар -клиникалық құзыреттілік -зерттеу -ақпараттық және коммуникациялық технология-лар.

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“Legal Highs” – An Emerging Epidemic of Novel Psychoactive Substances

Cited by 54 publications

References 103 publications

Cytotoxic Activity of Pyrovalerone Derivatives, an Emerging Group of Psychostimulant Designer Cathinones

Cytotoxic Activity of Pyrovalerone Derivatives, an Emerging Group of Psychostimulant Designer Cathinones

Identification and characterization of a putative new psychoactive substance, 2‐(2‐(4‐chlorophenyl)acetamido)‐3‐methylbutanamide, in Spain

Assessment of needs in improvement of clinical competences on therapy of dependencies from novel psychoactive substances in the Republic of Kazakhstan

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