Legacy and novel halogenated flame retardants in seawater and atmosphere of the Bohai Sea: Spatial trends, seasonal variations, and influencing factors

Source, fate and budget of Dechlorane Plus (DP) in a typical semi-closed sea, China

“…When reducing the riverine inputs to 0.16 kg yr À1 (data was unpublished and was obtained in 2018e2019 in our later work) after 2013, resulted in the decrease of water and sediment of DP by keeping constant parameters used in the multi-box mass balance model (Figure S6). In 2017, the estimation DP concentration in seawater in the BS was about 1.26 pg L À1 , which was comparable to 1.09 pg L À1 in surface seawater in 2016e2017 in BS (Liu et al, 2020). Thus, the result suggested that the measured DP concentrations were well estimated by model.…”

“…Such a similarity was also found between f syn values for rivers and the sea in the present study (section 3.3). Besides, the f syn value in the atmosphere (0.22) was much lower than that in seawater of the BS (Liu et al, 2020). Hence, river discharge was a significant source of DP in the BS.…”

“…Here, M W and M S are the mass (pg) of DP in water and sediment, respectively; t is the time [day (d À1 )] for the two equations; E R represents the total discharge of compounds to the BS from rivers; and E A represents three processes of deposition from the air (atmospheric dry deposition, atmospheric wet deposition, and absorption from atmosphere), and data of DP concentration in atmosphere in the BS was obtained from our previous work (Liu et al, 2020). The values of E R and E A were listed in Table S2 and Table S3, respectively.…”

“…In the steady-state scenario for water (Fig. 4c), tributary loadings of DP to BS were 443 kg yr À1 , in addition to 3.7 kg yr À1 from the sediment (sum of resuspension and diffusion), and 2.7 kg yr À1 from the atmosphere (including wet deposition, dry deposition, and absorption) (SI Table S3, SI equation 12) (Liu et al, 2020). The riverine discharge of DP dominated ~99% of the total loading.…”

Spatio-temporal variation of subtidal macrobenthic fauna and the ecological assessment of Longkou Artificial Island construction in Bohai Sea, China

“…In China, DBDPE concentrations in many environmental components (e.g., air, seawater, and sediment) have been found to exceed those of BDE209 (Chen et al, 2019;Yu et al, 2016;Zhen et al, 2018). Previous study in the Bohai Sea (BS) reported that DBDPE was the dominant compound in both air and seawater samples with the exception of August 2017, when BDE209 concentrations were obviously higher than those of DBDPE in surface seawater (Liu et al, 2020). It is suggested that different input patterns may influence the relative amounts of BDE209 and DBDPE in aquatic environments based on the atmospheric deposition fluexes of these two compounds (Liu et al, 2020).…”