Left Ventricular Function in Conscious Man and during Halothane Anesthesia

Sonntag, H.; Donath, U.; W, Hillebrand; Merin, Robert G.; Radke, James M.

doi:10.1097/00000542-197805000-00004

Cited by 42 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Halothane caused a pronounced fall in arterial pressure, but with propofol it fell only at the higher dose, and with alfentanil it rose ( Table 2). These are within the spectrum of effects of these agents that have been reported in man (Eger et al 1970;Sonntag et al 1978;Sebel et al 1982;Rucquoi & Camu 1983;Ebert et al 1985;Sebel & Lowden 1989). The effects of these anaesthetics on left ventricular function in rabbits is not known.…”

Section: Effects On Haemodynamic Variablessupporting

confidence: 59%

“…The effects of these anaesthetics on left ventricular function in rabbits is not known. Halothane clearly depresses it in humans (Sonntag et al 1978), propofol may do so in dogs (Brussel et al 1989), but opioid anaesthetics such as alfentanil (D'Aubioul et al 1984;Flacke et al 1987) and fentanyl (Flacke et al 1985) do not do so in dogs except at excessively high doses. As in the human studies, other factors such as the preliminary dose of thiopentone, artificial ventilation, or the removal of environmental stimuli may have contributed to the fall in cardiac output that we observed.…”

Section: Effects On Haemodynamic Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Propofol is known to reduce cardiac vagal drive in rabbits (Blake et al 1988), but the rise of heart rate with halothane was so great that it seems likely there was a combination of reduced vagal and increased sympathetic drive. In humans, neither propofol (Sebel & Lowden 1989) or halothane (Eger et al 1970;Sonntag et al 1978) affect heart rate greatly, and alfentanil generally causes bradycardia (Sebel et al 1982;Rucquoi & Camu 1983). In our experiment the tachycardia associated with propofol and halothane cannot be explained by a baroreflex mechanism, since propofol did not cause a fall of arterial pressure (Table 2) and halothane virtually abolished the baroreceptor-heart rate reflex (Fig.…”

Section: Effects On Haemodynamic Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Halothane, Ketamine, Propofol and Alfentanil Anaesthesia on Circulatory Control in Rabbits

Leeuwen

Evans

Ludbrook

1990

Clin Exp Pharma Physio

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1. We have made a within-rabbit comparison of the effects of four general anaesthetic regimens on the haemodynamic response to acute reduction in central blood volume and on baroreflex control of heart rate. 2. Acute haemorrhage was simulated by gradually inflating a cuff on the inferior vena cava in order to cause cardiac output to fall at a constant rate of 8.5%/min while the responses of systemic vascular resistance, arterial pressure and heart rate were measured. The full range of the baroreceptor-heart rate reflex was elicited by inflating aortic and vena caval cuffs. These indices of circulatory control were repeatedly measured within five protocols, to which each rabbit was exposed in randomized order. 3. In each protocol the rabbit was first studied unanaesthetized. Then a small dose of thiopentone sodium was given (16 mg/kg). In the four main protocols the rabbit was then intubated and ventilated, first with 100% oxygen and then with 50% nitrous oxide, during administration of one of four anaesthetic agents. These were halothane (2.0 and 2.5%), ketamine (2.5 mg/kg per min), propofol (0.83 and 1.25 mg/kg per min) and alfentanil (2.5 and 3.33 micrograms/kg per min). In a sham protocol the effects of 100% oxygen, then those of 50 and 75% nitrous oxide, were studied while the rabbit remained conscious. 4. In unanaesthetized rabbits, in the presence or absence of nitrous oxide, the normal biphasic haemodynamic response to simulated haemorrhage occurred. The first, vasoconstrictor, phase was attenuated by halothane, ketamine and propofol, so that arterial pressure fell more steeply than normal. Not only was the vasoconstrictor phase unaffected by alfentanil but it was extended, so that arterial pressure remained at a normal level even when cardiac output had fallen by 59%. This effect of alfentanil appeared to be mediated centrally, since it could be reproduced by injecting small doses (1.5-7.5 micrograms) into the fourth ventricle. All four anaesthetic agents and nitrous oxide attenuated the baroreceptor control of heart rate. The effect was least with nitrous oxide and alfentanil, greatest with halothane.

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Section: Effects On Haemodynamic Variablessupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Effects On Haemodynamic Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects On Haemodynamic Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Halothane, Ketamine, Propofol and Alfentanil Anaesthesia on Circulatory Control in Rabbits

Leeuwen

Evans

Ludbrook

1990

Clin Exp Pharma Physio

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“…Although halothane and isoflurane cause comparable reductions in arterial pressure when equipotent concentrations are inhaled their haemodynamic effects are usually considered to be quite different. It is generally accepted that in adults the hypotensive effects of halothane are caused primarily by reductions in cardiac output and decreases in systemic vascular resistance are mainly responsible for the lowering of arterial pressure during isoflurane anaesthesia (Sonntag et al 1978;Jones 1984). In an echocardiographic study in children Gallagher, Shields & Black (1986) found that aortic peak flow velocity, a sensitive index of myocardial contractility, was decreased by 1 MAC halothane but not by isoflurane.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of halothane and isoflurane on forearm blood flow in children as determined by venous occlusion plethysmography

Laird¹,

Mulholland²,

Crean³

et al. 1993

Pediatric Anesthesia

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Comparative studies have not been made of the peripheral vascular effects of halothane and isoflurane in children. Using a water-filled venous occlusion plethysmograph, measurements of forearm blood flow were made in 2 groups of 19 children exposed to increasing concentrations of these 2 agents. Halothane and isoflurane caused comparable and dose dependent increases in forearm blood flow and reductions in peripheral vascular resistance and arterial pressure.These findings suggest that, in younger children, reductions in peripheral vascular resistance are partly responsible for decreases in arterial pressure when lower concentrations of these agents are used.

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“…No studies appear to have been undertaken on the effect of halothane anaesthesia on splanchnic haemo- (2,3 ) . dynamics in elderly patients.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Splanchnic blood flow during halothane‐relaxant anaesthesia in elderly patients

Tokics

Brismar

Hedenstierna

1986

Acta Anaesthesiol Scand

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We have previously found that halothane-relaxant anaesthesia in elderly patients causes a change towards a hyperkinetic circulation, with a decrease in the arterial-mixed venous oxygen content difference. This could be attributed to vasodilation. In the present study the splanchnic contribution to these changes was investigated. Nine patients were studied during halothane-relaxant anaesthesia prior to surgery. During anaesthesia splanchnic blood flow was markedly reduced, while splanchnic oxygen uptake decreased only moderately compared with the awake level. This resulted in an increase in splanchnic oxygen extraction. It is concluded that the splanchnic vascular bed does not contribute to the "hyperkinetic" circulation during halothane anaesthesia.

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Left Ventricular Function in Conscious Man and during Halothane Anesthesia

Cited by 42 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Halothane, Ketamine, Propofol and Alfentanil Anaesthesia on Circulatory Control in Rabbits

Effects of Halothane, Ketamine, Propofol and Alfentanil Anaesthesia on Circulatory Control in Rabbits

The effects of halothane and isoflurane on forearm blood flow in children as determined by venous occlusion plethysmography

Splanchnic blood flow during halothane‐relaxant anaesthesia in elderly patients

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