Left-Handed-Media Simulation and Transmission of EM Waves in Subwavelength Split-Ring-Resonator-Loaded Metallic Waveguides

Abstract

At microwave frequencies, hollow metallic waveguides behave in certain aspects as a ''onedimensional plasma.'' This feature will be advantageously used for simulating the propagation of electromagnetic (EM) waves in left-handed metamaterials provided the hollow waveguide is periodically loaded with split ring resonators. It will be shown that EM transmission in this structure is feasible within a certain frequency band even if the transverse dimensions of the waveguide are much smaller than the associated free-space wavelength. This effect can be qualitatively and quantitatively explained by the left-handed metamaterial theory, thus providing a new experimental validation for such a theory. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.183901 PACS numbers: 41.20.Jb, 42.70.Qs, 78.20.Ek In 1968 Veselago [1] analyzed electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation through media having simultaneously negative electric permittivity and negative magnetic permeability. Since the E, H fields and the wave vector k of a propagating plane EM wave form a left-handed system in these materials, Veselago referred to them as ''lefthanded'' media. Other interesting properties of such media are, among others, negative refractive index and reversed Doppler effect [1]. The nonexistence of transparent left-handed media in Nature made Veselago's analysis and predictions remain for a long time as a mere theoretical curiosity. However, recently, microwave propagation through an artificial left-handed medium (or metamaterial) has been demonstrated by Smith et al. [2]. The left-handed metamaterial reported in this paper was, in fact, the superposition of two different artificial media: a two-dimensional plasma working below its plasma frequency and an artificial negative magnetic permeability medium (NMPM). Artificial plasmas are well-known materials that can be realized, for instance, by using a regular array of conducting wires [3]. Artificial NMPM have recently been proposed by Pendry et al. [4] and experimentally demonstrated by Smith et al. [2]. These latter media are composed of electrically small resonant particles, which show a very high diamagnetic susceptibility above and around its resonance frequency. When these particles are arranged in a regular lattice and illuminated in a proper way, their high diamagnetic susceptibility causes the resulting composite medium to have a negative effective magnetic permeability within a certain frequency range. In this range the resulting artificial medium is called an artificial NMPM. The split ring resonator (SRR) proposed by Pendry et al. [2,4] (see Fig. 1) fulfills all the requirements for the design of the aforementioned NMPM.The artificial plasma medium proposed in [2] was a simulated two-dimensional plasma, made by placing a regular array of metallic posts between two parallel metallic plates. Nevertheless, a significant simplification of the plasma simulation is possible by using a hollow metallic waveguide, as suggested by the dispersive behavior of these waveguides. It is well-known that hollow metallic w...

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