Left anterior descending artery length in left and right coronary artery dominance

Ilia, Reuben; Rosenshtein, Gabriel; Weinstein, Jean Marc; Cafri, Carlos; Abu‐Ful, Akram; Gueron, M

doi:10.1097/00019501-200102000-00011

Cited by 47 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The AIA extends to the cardiac apex and commonly sends terminal branches to the posterior interventricular sulcus, which may anastomose with the posterior interventricular artery (PIA) [3] . The AIA ending in the apex has been described in a range of 6-33%, while at the posteroinferior aspect has been described in human hearts with a frequency of 42-80% [4][5][6] . The CXA presents two segments: The first one runs along the left atrioventricular sulcus to the obtuse margin of the heart, whereas the second segment continues through the posterior atrioventricular sulcus and may occasionally ends up at the crux cordis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphologic Expression of the Left Coronary Artery in Pigs. An approach in relation to human heart.

Gómez¹,

Ballesteros²

2014

Revista Brasileira De Cirurgia Cardiovascular

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215Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc | Braz J Cardiovasc Surg Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc 2014;29(2):214-20Gómez FA & Ballesteros LE -Morphologic expression of the left coronary artery in pigs. An approach in relation to human heart LCA in pigs have been conducted with small samples and are limited to qualitative descriptions [2,3,9] . The importance of the study of the LCA in pigs lies in the utilization of this species as an experimental model for cardiovascular surgery, hemodynamics, and for compared anatomy teaching -learning processes [3,9,11] . Similarly, given the large similarity existing between the hearts of humans and pigs, this work intends to enrich the knowledge on the coronary circulation in pigs to improve the applications using this animal species. METHODSThis cross-over descriptive study assessed the LCA of 158 hearts of commercial stock pigs (Pietrain, Landrace Belga and Large White mixed breeds) destined to sacrifice with a mean age of 5 months, obtained from the Vijagual Refrigerating Plant of Bucaramanga -Colombia. The organs were subjected to an exsanguination process in a water source for 6 hours. After the LCA was marked with a silk suture at its origin, it was catheterized through its ostium and perfused with polyester resin (80% palatal GP41L and 20% styrene) impregnated with red mineral. Then, the hearts were subjected to a partial corrosion process with a 15% KOH (potassium hydroxide) in order to remove the subepicardial fat located at the interventricular and atrioventricular sulci.The diameters of the LCA and its branches were measured at their origins using a digital caliper (Mitutoyo ® ); lengths were determined, and the finalization of the AIA was typified at the lower third of the anterior interventricular sulcus, at the apex, or at the posterior aspect of the heart. Similarly, the finalization of the CXA was assessed at the obtuse margin of the heart, at the posterior aspect of the left ventricle, at the crux cordis, or at the posterior interventricular sulcus. The branches anterosuperior (ASB) and LMB were characterized

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphologic Expression of the Left Coronary Artery in Pigs. An approach in relation to human heart.

Gómez¹,

Ballesteros²

2014

Revista Brasileira De Cirurgia Cardiovascular

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“…Outras classificações foram propostas, como a presença do ramo interventricular paraconal contornando o ápice e terminando no sulco interventricular subsinuoso (Cavalcanti et al., 1995), comprimento do ramo interventricular paraconal (Ilia et al, 2001) e número de ramos ventriculares emitidos pelas artérias coronárias (Neto et al, 2009;Oliveira et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Elas ocupam os sulcos coronários, atrioventriculares e interventriculares, apresentando diferenças na distribuição e trajeto de acordo com a espécie (Nickel;Schummer;Seiferle, 1983). Segundo Schlesinger (1940, o conceito anatômico de predominância na circulação coronariana em humanos foi fundamentado utilizando-se como referência a região da crux cordis, que é determinada pela artéria que emite o ramo interventricular posterior (correspondente ao ramo interventricular subsinuoso nos animais quadrúpedes), podendo ser uma dominância esquerda, direita ou balanceada, quando ambas as artérias coronárias emitem um ramo à região do crux cordis.Outras classificações foram propostas, como a presença do ramo interventricular paraconal contornando o ápice e terminando no sulco interventricular subsinuoso (Cavalcanti et al., 1995), comprimento do ramo interventricular paraconal (Ilia et al, 2001) e número de ramos ventriculares emitidos pelas artérias coronárias (Neto et al, 2009;Oliveira et al, 2010). …”

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Dominância entre as artérias coronárias em bovinos mestiços

Oliveira¹,

Moraes²,

Gomes³

et al. 2014

RBCV

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ResumoO coração é irrigado pelas artérias coronárias, direita e esquerda. Elas ocupam os sulcos coronários, atrioventricular e interventriculares, apresentando diferenças na distribuição, e trajeto de acordo com a espécie. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a dominância entre as artérias coronárias em bovinos. Trinta corações de bovinos de ambos os sexos foram analisados. Nas artérias coronárias e em seus ramos principais, injetou-se Petrolátex S-65 corado e os corações foram imersos e conservados em cubas contendo solução de formaldeído a 10% por sete dias. As artérias coronárias e seus ramos foram dissecados até as ramificações visíveis. A artéria coronária esquerda se originou diretamente da aorta em 100% dos corações em ambos os sexos. Originavam-se desta artéria o ramo interventricular paraconal e o ramo circunflexo esquerdo em 100% dos corações em ambos os sexos. O ramo interventricular subsinuoso se originou do ramo circunflexo esquerdo em 100% dos corações investigados em ambos os sexos. A média do comprimento em centímetros (cm) do ramo interventricular paraconal foi 15,50 ± 0,57 nos machos e 15,44 ± 0,60 nas fêmeas. A média do comprimento em centímetros (cm) do ramo circunflexo esquerdo foi 11,91 ± 0,43 nos machos e 11,65 ± 0,48 nas fêmeas. Os principais ramos da artéria coronária esquerda (ramo interventricular paraconal, ramo circunflexo esquerdo e ramo interventricular subsinuoso) totalizaram 85,5% considerando todos os corações estudados, de machos e fêmeas, e a artéria coronária direita emitiu 14,5% dos ramos em todos os corações estudados.Palavras-chave: coração, ramos, vascularização. AbstractThe heart is irrigated by the right and left coronary arteries. These vessels occupy the atrioventricular and interventricular coronary grooves, showing differences in the distribution and path according to the species. The aim of this study was to verify the dominance of the coronary arteries in cattle. Thirty hearts of bovines, of both sexes, were fixed in 10% formalin and the coronary arteries were cannulated and filled with stained latex S-65. Afterwards they were immersed and stored in vats containing 10% formaldehyde solution for seven days. The coronary arteries and their branches were dissected until the visible ramifications. The left coronary artery originated directly from the aorta in 100% of hearts in both sexes. This artery originated the paraconal interventricular branch and left circumflex branch in 100% of hearts in both sexes The left circumflex branch originated the Interventricular branch subsinuous in 100% of hearts investigated in both sexes. The mean and standard deviation of the length of the interventricular paraconal branch in centimeters (cm) was 15.50 ± 0.57 in males and 15.44 ± 0.60 in females. The mean and standard deviation of the left circumflex branch length in centimeters (cm) was 11.91 ± 0.43 in males and 11.65 ± 0.48 in females. The main branches of the left coronary artery totaled 85.5%, considering all samples, and the right coronary artery issued 14.5% of the branch...

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“…The high variation existing in the morphology of these vessels regarding their distribution in the irrigation of the posterior aspect of the heart serves as a basis for the coronary dominance concept (Cavalcanti et al, 1995;Ilia et al, 2001;Ballesteros et al, 2007). This anatomic trait has been poorly studied in swine, and the parameters to be followed to indicate whether one type of dominance or another prevails have not been elucidated (Weaver et al, 1986;Sahni et al, 2008) Based on the above, we used a concept commonly utilized in humans to indicate that the dominance of the right or left coronary arteries depends on the coronary artery that gives origin to the posterior interventricular artery (PIA) or to the artery that supplies the largest portion of the posterior wall of the left ventricle (Cavalcanti et al, 1995;Ilia et al, 2001;Ballesteros et al, 2007). The diameter of the RCA is significantly smaller in the left dominance pattern, whereas the diameter of the circumflex artery (CXA) is smaller in the presence of a right dominance pattern.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of coronary dominance in pigs; a comparative study with findings in human hearts

Gómez

Ballesteros

2015

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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Coronary dominance in swine has been poorly evaluated. The frequencies of each type of dominance have been described, but few details have been given as to the different expressions of each one. The aim of this study was to characterize coronary dominance in commercial breed swine. One hundred and fifty eight pig hearts were evaluated. The coronary arteries (CA) were infused with synthetic resin (Palatal 85% and Styrene15%) through the ostia after channeling. The coronary artery that gives origin to the posterior interventricular artery (PIA), and the site of termination of both the circumflex arteries (CXA), and left retroventricular branch (LRVB) were determined in order to establish the coronary dominance pattern. Right coronary dominance was found in 105 hearts (66.5%), and a balanced circulation in 53 specimens (33.5%). No dominance was observed for the left coronary artery in the hearts studied. The CXA ended on the posterior aspect of the left ventricle in 101 samples (64%) and on the crux cordis in 55 specimens (34.8%). In two specimens (1.3%) it ended as a left marginal artery. In all cases the PIA was a branch of the RCA, and was long in 105 hearts (66%), 55% of which corresponded to males and 45% to females, but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.77).The AIA ended on the apex in 126 specimens (80%), 71 of which (56%) corresponded to males and 55 (44%) to females (p=0.74). Regarding right coronary dominance, subtype I was observed in 98 specimens (93.3%), subtype II in 5 cases (4.8%), whereas subtype III was observed in 2 hearts (1.9%). Knowing coronary dominance patterns and their irrigation territories is useful for training purposes based on the use of experimental and hemodynamic models with this animal species.Keywords: pig, coronary dominance, coronary arteries, left dominance, balanced circulation RESUMO A dominância coronária em suínos tem sido pouco avaliada. Descreveram-se as frequências de cada um dos tipos, mas não detalharam as diferentes expressões de cada um deles. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a dominância coronária em suínos de raças comerciais. Avaliaram-se 158 corações de suínos. As artérias coronárias (AC) foram infundidas através da canalização dos seus ostium com resina sintética (Palatal 85% e Estireno15%). Para estabelecer o tipo de dominância coronária, determinou-se de qual coronária desprendiase a artéria interventricular posterior (AIP) e o lugar de finalização das artérias circunflexa (ACX) e do ramo retro ventricular esquerdo (RRVI). Encontrou-se dominância coronária direita em 105 corações (66%) e circulação balanceada em 53 exemplares (34%

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Left anterior descending artery length in left and right coronary artery dominance

Abstract: We found that the LAD in left coronary dominance is usually long and wraps around the apex, and believe that angiographic interventions in such cases have important clinical significance.

Cited by 47 publications

References 3 publications

Morphologic Expression of the Left Coronary Artery in Pigs. An approach in relation to human heart.

Morphologic Expression of the Left Coronary Artery in Pigs. An approach in relation to human heart.

Dominância entre as artérias coronárias em bovinos mestiços

Evaluation of coronary dominance in pigs; a comparative study with findings in human hearts

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