Lead-free piezoelectrics—The environmental and regulatory issues

Abstract

Abstract

High energy storage efficiency and thermal stability of A‐site‐deficient and 110‐textured BaTiO3–BiScO3 thin films

“…It is evident that there is a minimal temperature dependence for W r , while η decreases slightly at high temperatures but still retains values of η >80%. Figure compares the energy density W r and efficiency η at 175°C of the 110‐textured 10BSBT films with those of other materials . It can be observed that the 10BSBT films provide an optimum combination of W r and η at high temperatures and therefore are an attractive option for high‐energy‐storage capacitor applications that are intended for temperatures of 140°C and above.…”

“…WA and AP gratefully acknowledge funding support from City University of Hong Kong (Projects No. 7200514, F I G U R E 5 Comparison of recoverable energy storage density (W r ) and efficiency (η) of 110-textured 10BSBT films with respect to other Pb-based and Pb-free thin films 2,5,8,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]…”

“…Furthermore, most well‐known antiferroelectrics are lead (Pb)‐based, with over 60% Pb content. Due to intensifying concerns over the disposal and recycling of toxic devices containing Pb, there is a crucial need to develop Pb‐free environmentally friendly ceramic thin film capacitors with excellent energy storage properties …”

(Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3‐based lead‐free co‐fired multilayer actuators with large strain and high fatigue resistance

“…However, since PZT ceramics contain about 60 wt% of toxic lead, their wide use leads to contamination during manufacture and disposal. The respective environmental concern has been discussed in detail recently . Thus, there is an urgent demand to develop lead‐free piezoceramics for actuator applications.…”

Lead-free piezoceramics: Status and perspectives

“…Exemption 7(c)-I, for example, has been recently reviewed and provides an exemption for lead in piezoelectronic devices until July 2021, with applications for further extension of this exemption due to the European commission by January 2020. Bell and Deubzer 6 have outlined current legislation and future options.…”