Leaching of 210Po in human saliva from smokeless tobacco

Syed, Umme-Farzana; Bari, Abdul; Husain, Liaquat

doi:10.1007/s10967-009-0038-2

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…However, in South Asian countries, the use of ST products is common across demographics. ST users may be exposed to a higher amount of carcinogens than cigarette smokers ( Boccuzzi, 2014 , Printz, 2016 , Syed et al, 2009 ). Earlier studies described how ST use can injure the gingiva leading to loss of marginal gingiva and alveolar dehiscence at sites and focused on oral epithelial cells ( Robertson et al, 1990 , Weintraub and Burt, 1987 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aqueous extract of tobacco induces mitochondrial potential dependent cell death and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gingival epithelial cells

Patil

Baeshen

2021

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

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Smokeless tobacco habits are detrimental to oral health. A correlation between tobacco use and local epithelial tissue damage exists. Yet, the underlying cellular mechanism is not precisely characterized. This study assessed the dose-dependent action of Smokeless tobacco extract on gingival epithelial cells. Gingival tissue was taken from 5 healthy donors. Gingival epithelial cells were isolated by an enzymatic method and cultured up to passage 2. The cultured cells were treated with smokeless tobacco extract at 10%, 25%, 50%, and 75% volume concentration. After 48 h of incubation, MTT assay, Annexin V/PI assay, and DiIC1(5) assay were used to evaluate viability, apoptosis, and mitochondrial potential of the cells. RT-qPCR was used to determine the expression of BAX, BCL2, ECAD, NCAD, and TWIST. The Smokeless tobacco extract reduced cell viability by disrupting the mitochondrial potential and inducing apoptosis. Further, the Smokeless tobacco extract induced a dose-dependent epithelial-mesenchymal-transition in gingival epithelial cells. Apoptotic cellular death caused by tobacco extract on the gingival epithelial system was dependant on the mitochondrial potential of the cell. The results demonstrate that smokeless tobacco causes detrimental metabolic alterations of the periodontium. Featured application This study elucidates the mechanism by which Smokeless tobacco products cause cellular damage to the gingival epithelium. The use of Smokeless tobacco products can lead to major cellular and surface changes in the gingiva and its appearance. The consequences of these changes are not limited to oral cancer but also increases a person’s risk for dental and periodontal disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aqueous extract of tobacco induces mitochondrial potential dependent cell death and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gingival epithelial cells

Patil

Baeshen

2021

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

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“…STP users may also be exposed to radionuclides extracted from the STP by saliva during STP use. Extracted radionuclides may come into closer contact with oral tissues than those remaining within the STP [ 48 ], and therefore may more readily expose STP users to radiation. Syed et al [ 48 ] considered 210 Po extracted in this way to be the main source of irradiation from STPs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extracted radionuclides may come into closer contact with oral tissues than those remaining within the STP [ 48 ], and therefore may more readily expose STP users to radiation. Syed et al [ 48 ] considered 210 Po extracted in this way to be the main source of irradiation from STPs. However, for most categories of STP (other than dispersable products, for which complete ingestion can be assumed), uncertainties exist over the extent of extraction of individual radionuclides into saliva.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, for most categories of STP (other than dispersable products, for which complete ingestion can be assumed), uncertainties exist over the extent of extraction of individual radionuclides into saliva. There are few data on constituent extraction during STP use, but estimates of the extractability of 210 Po from US moist snuff in a model system using human saliva was reported as being very low, at 2–10% [ 48 ]. There are no data on the extractability of other α-emitters from STPs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comprehensive survey of radionuclides in contemporary smokeless tobacco products

McAdam

Kimpton

Porter³

et al. 2017

Chemistry Central Journal

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There is considerable interest in the chemical composition of smokeless tobacco products (STPs), owing to health concerns associated with their use. Previous studies have documented levels of 210Po, 210Pb and uranium in STP samples. Here, the levels of 13 α-particle and 15 β-radiation emitting radionuclides have been measured in a broad and representative range of contemporary STPs commercially available in the United States and Sweden. For each radionuclide, the level of radioactivity and calculated mass per gram of STP are reported. The results indicate that, among 34 Swedish snus and 44 US STPs, a more complex radionuclide content exists than previously reported for these products. Of the 28 radionuclides examined, 13 were detected and quantified in one or more STPs. The most frequently identified radionuclides in these STPs were 40K, 14C, 210Po and 226Ra. Over half the STPs also contained 228Th, and an additional 8 radionuclides were identified in a small number of STPs. The presence of 14C, 3H and 230Th are reported in tobacco for the first time. The activity of β-emitters was much greater than those of α-emitters, and the β-emitter 40K was present in the STPs with both the greatest radioactivity and mass concentrations. Since the three radionuclides included in the FDA’s HPHC list were either not detected (235U), identified in only three of 78 samples (238U), and/or had activity levels over fifty times lower than that of 40K (210Po, 238U), there may be a rationale for reconsidering the radionuclides currently included in the FDA HPHC list, particularly with respect to 40K. Using a model of the physical and biological compartments which must be considered to estimate the exposure of STP users to radionuclides, we conclude that exposure from α-emitters may be minimal to STP users, but 40K in particular may expose the oral cavities of STP users to β-radiation. Although a more comprehensive picture of the radioisotope content of STPs has emerged from this study, epidemiological evidence suggests that the levels of radionuclides measured in this study appear unlikely to present significant risks to STP users.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13065-017-0359-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Activity concentration of polonium-210 and lead-210 in tobacco products and annual committed effective dose to tobacco users in Tiruchirappalli District (Tamil Nadu, India)

Christobher¹,

Periyasamy²,

Athif³

et al. 2019

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

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Leaching of 210Po in human saliva from smokeless tobacco

Cited by 6 publications

References 15 publications

Aqueous extract of tobacco induces mitochondrial potential dependent cell death and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gingival epithelial cells

Aqueous extract of tobacco induces mitochondrial potential dependent cell death and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in gingival epithelial cells

Comprehensive survey of radionuclides in contemporary smokeless tobacco products

Activity concentration of polonium-210 and lead-210 in tobacco products and annual committed effective dose to tobacco users in Tiruchirappalli District (Tamil Nadu, India)

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