Leaching and homogeneous contribution in liquid phase reaction catalysed by solids: The case of triglycerides methanolysis using CaO

Granados, M. Lòpez; Alonso, David Martín; Sádaba, Irantzu; Mariscal, R.; Ocón, P.

doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2009.02.014

Cited by 204 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…He found that the solubility of CaO in alcohol is around 0.6 mg/mL and when CaO was less than 1 wt% the major reaction mechanism is homogeneous. When the catalyst loading is greater than 1 wt% CaO, the total homogeneous contribution is much smaller than that arising from the heterogeneous sites [74]. Thus, it is very apparent that determining the homogeneous contribution to the FAME yield of a CaO-based catalyst system, and other like catalysts, is as important as quantifying the heterogeneous component.…”

Section: Supported Cao Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In that case, he found that the calcium content in glycerol was about 2000 ppm and calcium content in FAME was around 10-100 ppm. Similarly, Granados et al [73,74] studied the leaching of species from solid CaO and the role of these species in the catalytic reaction. He pointed out that CaO can react with glycerol to form Ca diglyceroxide which is more soluble than CaO and active in oil transesterification.…”

Section: Supported Cao Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Advancements in Heterogeneous Catalysis for Biodiesel Synthesis

et al. 2010

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Heterogeneous catalysts are promising for the transesterification reaction of vegetable oils to produce biodiesel and have been studied intensively over the last decade. Unlike the homogeneous catalysts, heterogeneous catalysts can be easily separated from reaction mixture and reused for many times. They are environmentally benign and could be easily operated in continuous processes. This review classifies the solid catalysts into two categories based on their catalytic temperature, i.e. high temperature catalysts and low temperature catalysts. The nature of the catalysts can be specified into solid bases and solid acids. Three aspects, catalyst activity, catalyst life and oil flexibility, will be reviewed. Two kinds of heterogeneous catalysts, reported by IFP Inc. and by WSU, respectively, show a high catalytic activity, long catalyst life and low leaching of catalyst components. These two catalysts also show ability to simultaneously catalyze esterification and transesterification, and can be used in half-refined or crude oil system which provide a potential for greatly decrease the feedstock cost.

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Section: Supported Cao Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Supported Cao Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Advancements in Heterogeneous Catalysis for Biodiesel Synthesis

et al. 2010

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“…Despite the solid catalysts are intensively investigated, there are still many difficulties for industrial applications [16]. One primary problem of solid catalyst is still the separation of the mixture related to the reuse of the catalyst after filtration through the membrane [17,18]. Therefore, it is important to investigate easily recoverable and recyclable heterogeneous catalysts for transesterification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-magnetic catalyst KF/CaO–Fe3O4 for biodiesel production

et al. 2011

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“…Biodiesel (fatty acids methyl or ethyl esters, FAME or FAEE), synthesized by alcoholysis of renewable biological sources such as vegetable oils, animal fats and waste cooking oils, is a promising, nontoxic and biodegradable alternative to fossil diesel [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%