Le phénomène de neige visuelle

Background Visual Snow Syndrome is a recently recognized neurological condition presenting, continuous, tiny dots across the entire visual field, accompanied by nyctalopia, photophobia and palinopsia that persist for months. It may be part of migraine aura spectrum, yet its definition is still questionable. Diagnostic criteria for Visual Snow Syndrome are included in the supplemental material of ICHD-3. We aimed to summarize recent data to improve the understanding of Visual Snow Syndrome. Methods After presenting four new cases, we conducted a PRISMA systematic search in PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase databases using the keyword “visual snow” with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results From the 855 articles identified 30 were included for the qualitative analysis. These reports covered five aspects related to Visual Snow Syndrome: epidemiology, clinical features, comorbidities, pathophysiology, and treatment. We found limited data concerning Visual Snow Syndrome’s epidemiology (one study). Clinical presentation (22 articles) and the comorbidities (migraine with aura and tinnitus most often, five reports) are described in detail. The pathophysiology of Visual Snow Syndrome is only approached with hypotheses, but several neuroimaging studies have been identified (seven articles). Treatment is based on single case reports only. Conclusion Data for Visual Snow Syndrome are few and not strong enough to support Visual Snow Syndrome as a medical identity. Further investigation is needed.

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“…Findings from case series by Zambrowski et al. (28) and Berkowitz et al. (13) are in accordance with these studies.…”

Section: Systematic Reviewsupporting

confidence: 80%

Visual snow: A systematic review and a case series

et al. 2022

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“…The predictive-coding model, which is a Bayesian-prediction model of sensory processing, suggests a common underlying mechanism between tinnitus and other positive perceptual disorders 5 . In addition, Zambrowski et al suggest that visual snow syndrome may result from "cerebral hypersensitivity" to physiological phenomena 6 . In essence, visual snow syndrome could be to the visual system what tinnitus is to the auditory system 1 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Snow Syndrome and Its Relationship to Tinnitus

Renze¹

2017

The International Tinnitus Journal

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Visual snow is a symptom described as the continuous perception of tiny flickering dots in the entire field of vision, similar to static of an analog television. Visual snow syndrome is a cluster of symptoms found highly prevalent in patients that present with visual snow. While most of these symptoms appear to be visual in nature, approximately 63% of patients studied also report continuous bilateral tinnitus. The high correlation of visual-snow-syndrome patients presenting with tinnitus suggests that they may share a common underlying pathophysiology.

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“…It is commonly noticeable on a plain background but more attenuated on a textured background. [1][2][3][4] Liu et al first reported it in 3 of 10 migraineurs in 1995. 2 In 2005, Jager et al first used the term "visual snow phenomenon" to describe this situation, 5 while in 2008 and 2011, Wang et al 6 and Chen et al 7 used the term "persistent visual aura without infarction" to describe it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%