“…Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite crystals based on metal halides have received increasing attention owing to their interesting optoelectronic, electrical, and magnetic properties. [1][2][3][4][5] The most common perovskite MAPbX 3 (MA = CH 3 NH 3 , X = I, Br, or Cl) based thin-lm photovoltaic devices are used as solar cells. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] However, MAPbX 3 -based photovoltaics are highly unstable under ambient conditions, especially in the presence of moisture, and are highly toxic owing to Pb bioaccumulation.…”