Layer-by-Layer Construction of Nanostructured Porphyrin−Fullerene Electrodes

Guldi, Dirk M.; Pellarini, Federica; Prato, Maurizio; Granito, Catia; Troisi, Luigino

doi:10.1021/nl025703o

Cited by 61 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The IPCE values are comparable to those of other fullerene-based multilayer photovoltaic cells. [59,60] In addition, the IPCE response extends to 600 nm. This indicates that the photosensitization process originates from the polymer 1/PTEBS junction that both polymers took part in during the photoinduced charge generation process.…”

Section: à2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The multilayers were mainly based on fullerene derivatives as the electron acceptors. [59][60][61][62][63] It has been shown previously that the photocurrent generation and decay in polymer multilayers composed of poly(phenylenevinylene), poly(acrylic acid), poly(allylamine hydrochloride), and fullerene can be fitted to a biexponential function. The multilayer films were regarded as a capacitor in which the charging process corresponds to the photoinduced electrontransfer process.…”

Section: à2mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Layer‐by‐Layer Deposition of Rhenium‐Containing Hyperbranched Polymers and Fabrication of Photovoltaic Cells

Tse

Man

Cheng

et al. 2006

Chemistry A European J

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Multilayer thin films were prepared by the layer‐by‐layer (LBL) deposition method using a rhenium‐containing hyperbranched polymer and poly[2‐(3‐thienyl)ethoxy‐4‐butylsulfonate] (PTEBS). The radii of gyration of the hyperbranched polymer in solutions with different salt concentrations were measured by laser light scattering. A significant decrease in molecular size was observed when sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate was used as the electrolyte. The conditions of preparing the multilayer thin films by LBL deposition were studied. The growth of the multilayer films was monitored by absorption spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry, and the surface morphologies of the resulting films were studied by atomic force microscopy. When the pH of a PTEBS solution was kept at 6 and in the presence of salt, polymer films with maximum thickness were obtained. The multilayer films were also fabricated into photovoltaic cells and their photocurrent responses were measured upon irradiation with simulated air mass (AM) 1.5 solar light. The open‐circuit voltage, short‐circuit current, fill factor, and power conversion efficiency of the devices were 1.2 V, 27.1 μ A cm−2, 0.19, and 6.1×10−3 %, respectively. The high open‐circuit voltage was attributed to the difference in the HOMO level of the PTEBS donor and the LUMO level of the hyperbranched polymer acceptor. A plot of incident photon‐to‐electron conversion efficiency versus wavelength also suggests that the PTEBS/hyperbranched polymer junction is involved in the photosensitization process, in which a maximum was observed at approximately 420 nm. The relatively high capacitance, determined from the measured photocurrent rise and decay profiles, can be attributed to the presence of large counter anions in the polymer film.

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Section: à2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: à2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Layer‐by‐Layer Deposition of Rhenium‐Containing Hyperbranched Polymers and Fabrication of Photovoltaic Cells

Tse

Man

Cheng

et al. 2006

Chemistry A European J

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“…Guldi et al reported a unique effect of molecular structure on the efficiency of photoinduced charge separation in LbL films of a porphyrin-fullerene dyad molecule [121] ( figure 11). In that porphyrin-fullerene dyad, porphyrin and fullerene moieties are bridged through a short rigid spacer.…”

Section: Commanded Assemblymentioning

confidence: 99%

Paradigm shift from self-assembly to commanded assembly of functional materials: recent examples in porphyrin/fullerene supramolecular systems

Ishihara

et al. 2012

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

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Current nanotechnology based on top-down nanofabrication may encounter a variety of drawbacks in the near future so that development of alternative methods, including the so-called bottom-up approach, has attracted considerable attention. However, the bottom-up strategy, which often relies on spontaneous self-assembly, might be inefficient in the development of the requisite functional materials and systems. Therefore, assembly processes controlled by external stimuli might be a plausible strategy for the development of bottom-up nanotechnology. In this review, we demonstrate a paradigm shift from self-assembly to commanded assembly by describing several examples of assemblies of typical functional molecules, i.e. porphyrins and fullerenes. In the first section, we describe recent progress in the design and study of self-assembled and co-assembled supramolecular architectures of porphyrins and fullerenes. Then, we show examples of assembly induced by external stimuli. We emphasize the paradigm shift from self-assembly to commanded assembly by describing the recently developed electrochemical-coupling layer-by-layer (ECC-LbL) methodology.

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“…Successful applications of this technique are in the field of photoinduced electron transfer reactions, where the functional two-dimensional or three-dimensional thin films incorporate photosensitisers, which can generate photoelectrons under light illumination [10][11][12]. It is well known that porphyrins represent an important class of photosensitisers with high extinction coefficients in the visible region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%