Lava flow simulations using discharge rates from thermal infrared satellite imagery during the 2006 Etna eruption

Vicari, Annamaria; Ciraudo, A.; Negro, Ciro Del; Hérault, Alexis; Fortuna, Luigi

doi:10.1007/s11069-008-9306-7

Cited by 65 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The growing number of these paroxysms inspired the development of a methodology for the nearreal-time forecasting of lava flow hazards (Vicari et al, 2009). The methodology, based on near-real-time infrared satellite data to drive numerical simulations of lava flow paths, was tested at Etna to evaluate the hazard of lava flows emitted during the 12-13 January 2011 lava fountain (Vicari et al, 2011).…”

Section: Increasing Volcanic Hazard?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Does a Mature Volcano Need New Vents? The Case of the New Southeast Crater at Etna

et al. 2016

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Mature volcanoes usually erupt from a persistent summit crater. Permanent shifts in vent location are expected to occur after significant structural variations and are seldom documented. Here, we provide such an example that recently occurred at Etna. Eruptive activity at Mount Etna during 2007 focused at the Southeast Crater (SEC), the youngest (formed in 1971) and most active of the four summit craters, and consisted of six paroxysmal episodes. The related erupted volumes, determined by field-based measurements and radiant heat flux curves measured by satellite, totalled 8.67 × 10 6 m 3 . The first four episodes occurred, between late-March and early-May, from the summit of the SEC and short fissures on its flanks. The last two episodes occurred, in September and November, from a new vent ("pit crater" or "proto-NSEC") at the SE base of the SEC cone; this marked the definitive demise of the old SEC and the shift to the new vent. The latter, fed by NW-SE striking dikes propagating from the SEC conduit, formed since early 2011 an independent cone (the New Southeast Crater, or "NSEC") at the base of the SEC. Detailed geodetic reconstruction and structural field observations allow defining the surface deformation pattern of Mount Etna in the last decade. These suggest that the NSEC developed under the NE-SW trending tensile stresses on the volcano summit promoted by accelerated instability of the NE flank of the volcano during inflation periods. The development of the NSEC is not only important from a structural point of view, as its formation may also lead to an increase in volcanic hazard. The case of the NSEC at Etna here reported shows how flank instability may control the distribution and impact of volcanism, including the prolonged shift of the summit vent activity in a mature volcano.

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Section: Increasing Volcanic Hazard?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Does a Mature Volcano Need New Vents? The Case of the New Southeast Crater at Etna

et al. 2016

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“…In step 6, the threshold is applied, this being: if ΔT diff for any pixel in the volcanic region exceeds the maximum encountered in the non-volcanic region, then the pixel is flagged as anomalous (Harris et al 1995;Higgins and Harris 1997). VAST was subsequently used by Vicari et al (2009) to locate hot spots in MODIS data during Etna's 2006 eruption and convert to time-average discharge rates to contribute to lava flow simulations.…”

Section: Volcanic Anomaly Softwarementioning

confidence: 99%

A review of algorithms for detecting volcanic hot spots in satellite infrared data

Steffke

Harris

2011

Bull Volcanol

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“…In addition, the wealth of data for effusive eruptions at Etna has made this location an excellent study site to test the performance of code designed to simulate lava flow emplacement. These have included the development and application of cellular automata models (e.g., Crisci et al 1986;Barca et al 1993;Del Negro et al 2005), including SCIARA (Crisci et al 2004) and MAGFLOW (Alexis et al 2009;Del Negro et al 2008;Vicari et al 2007Vicari et al , 2009). The LavaSIM code of Hidaka et al (2005) has also been applied to simulate Etna's 2001 lava flows by Proietti et al (2009).…”

Section: Study Site: Mt Etna and Lava Flow Hazardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hazard assessment at Mount Etna using a hybrid lava flow inundation model and satellite-based land classification

et al. 2011

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Using a lava flow emplacement model and a satellite-based land cover classification, we produce a map to allow assessment of the type and quantity of natural, agricultural and urban land cover at risk from lava flow invasion. The first step is to produce lava effusion rate contours, i.e., lines linking distances down a volcano's flank that a lava flow will likely extend if fed at a given effusion rate from a predetermined vent zone. This involves first identifying a vent mask and then running a downhill flow path model from the edge of every pixel around the vent mask perimeter to the edge of the DEM. To do this, we run a stochastic model whereby the flow path is projected 1,000 times from every pixel around the vent mask perimeter with random noise being added to the DEM with each run so that a slightly different flow path is generated with each run. The FLOWGO lava flow model is then run down each path, at a series of effusion rates, to determine likely run-out distance for channel-fed flow extending down each path. These results are used to plot effusion rate contours. Finally, effusion rate contours are projected onto a land classification map (produced from an ASTER image of Etna) to assess the type and amount of each land cover class falling within each contour. The resulting maps are designed to provide a quick look-up capability to assess the type of land at risk from lava extending from any location at a range of likely effusion rates. For our first (2,000 m) vent zone case used for Etna, we find a total of area of *680 km 2 is at risk from flows fed at 40 m 3 s -1 , of which *6 km 2 is urban, *150 km 2 is agriculture and *270 km 2 is grass/woodland. The model can also be run for specific cases, where we find that Etna's 1669 vent location, if active today, would likely inundate almost 11 km 2 of urban land, as well as 15.6 km 2 of agricultural land, including 9.5 km 2 of olive groves and 5.2 km 2 of vineyards and fruit/nut orchards.

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Lava flow simulations using discharge rates from thermal infrared satellite imagery during the 2006 Etna eruption

Cited by 65 publications

References 40 publications

Why Does a Mature Volcano Need New Vents? The Case of the New Southeast Crater at Etna

Why Does a Mature Volcano Need New Vents? The Case of the New Southeast Crater at Etna

A review of algorithms for detecting volcanic hot spots in satellite infrared data

Hazard assessment at Mount Etna using a hybrid lava flow inundation model and satellite-based land classification

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