Lava‐Fed Gilbert‐Type Delta in the Polonez Cove Formation (Lower Oligocene), King George Island, West Antarctica

Porębski, Szczepan J.; Gradziński, Ryszard

doi:10.1002/9781444303858.ch19

Cited by 29 publications

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“…The seaward progradation of lavas under moderate effusion rates (generally under 5-10 m 3 /s; Walker et al, 1973;Rowland and Walker, 1990;Griffiths and Fink, 1992;Gregg and Fink, 2000) and over steep offshore slopes generates lava-fed delta structures similar to Gilbert-type river deltas (Jones and Nelson, 1970;Cas and Wright, 1987;Porebski and Gradzinski, 1990;Skilling, 2002;Schmidt and Schmincke, 2002) (see Figs. 4a and 5).…”

Section: Shield-building Subaerial Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under such conditions, the entrance of subaerial lava flows (typically pāhoehoe) into the water body generates quenching and fragmentation that, due to gravity-driven processes, results in the accumulation of large quantities of coarsegrained, poorly sorted, volcaniclastic wedges on the progradational front of the advancing flows. The resulting structure is typically composed of three units (Porebski and Gradzinski, 1990): a) a basal unit composed of a mix of marine sediments and pebble breccias enveloped in a sandy hyaloclastite matrix; b) a foreset unit of flow-foot breccias, comprising foresets of seaward-thickening wedge-shaped bodies of hyaloclastites and pillow-breccias, often intercalated with thin tube-like pillow lavas; and c) a topset unit that caps the foresets and is composed of flat-lying subaerial (or more rarely submarine) flows. These sequences fill existing space (from the seabed to the water surface) by progradation, rather than aggradation.…”

Section: Shield-building Subaerial Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Coastal evolution on volcanic oceanic islands: A complex interplay between volcanism, erosion, sedimentation, sea-level change and biogenic production

Ramalho¹,

Quartau

Trenhaile

et al. 2013

Earth-Science Reviews

153

147

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The growth and decay of oceanic hotspot volcanoes are intrinsically related to a competition between volcanic construction and erosive destruction, and coastlines are at the forefront of such confrontation. In this paper, we review the several mechanisms that interact and contribute to the development of coastlines on oceanic island volcanoes, and how these processes evolve throughout the islands' lifetime. Volcanic constructional processes dominate during the emergent island and subaerial shield-building stages. During the emergent island stage, surtseyan activity prevails and hydroclastic and pyroclastic structures form; these structures are generally ephemeral because they can be rapidly obliterated by marine erosion. With the onset of the subaerial shield-building stage, coastal evolution is essentially characterized by rapid but intermittent lateral growth through the formation of lava deltas, largely expanding the coastlines until they, typically, reach their maximum extension. With the post-shield quiescence in volcanic activity, destructive processes gradually take over and coastlines retreat, adopting a more prominent profile; mass wasting and marine and fluvial erosion reshape the landscape and, if conditions are favorable, biogenic processes assume a prominent role. Posterosional volcanic activity may temporarily reverse the balance by renewing coastline expansion, but islands inexorably enter in a long battle for survival above sea level. Reef growth and/or uplift may also prolong the island's lifetime above the waves. The ultimate fate of most islands, however, is to be drowned through subsidence and/or truncation by marine erosion.Keywords complex, interplay, between, volcanism, erosion, sedimentation, sea, level, islands, change, coastal, biogenic, production, oceanic, evolution, volcanic, GeoQuest Disciplines Medicine and Health Sciences | Social and Behavioral Sciences Publication DetailsRamalho, R. S., Quartau, R., Trenhaile, A. S., Mitchell, N. C., Woodroffe, C. D. & Avila, S. P. (2013). Coastal evolution on volcanic oceanic islands: a complex interplay between volcanism, erosion, sedimentation, sealevel change and biogenic production. Earth-Science Reviews, 127 140-170. AbstractThe growth and decay of oceanic hotspot volcanoes are intrinsically related to a competition between volcanic construction and erosive destruction, and coastlines are at the forefront of such confrontation. In this paper, we review the several mechanisms that interact and contribute to the development of coastlines on oceanic island volcanoes, and how these processes evolve throughout the islands' lifetime. Volcanic constructional processes dominate during the emergent island and subaerial shield-building stages. During the emergent island stage, surtseyan activity prevails and hydroclastic and pyroclastic structures form; these structures are generally ephemeral because they can be rapidly obliterated by marine erosion. With the onset of the subaerial shield-building stage, coastal evolution is essentially ch...

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Section: Shield-building Subaerial Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Shield-building Subaerial Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

Coastal evolution on volcanic oceanic islands: A complex interplay between volcanism, erosion, sedimentation, sea-level change and biogenic production

Ramalho¹,

Quartau

Trenhaile

et al. 2013

Earth-Science Reviews

153

147

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“…The method relies on seismic sequence analysis and seismic facies analysis as described by Vail and Mitchunl [1977] [Porebski and Gradzinski, 1990]. Schematically, a Gilbert-type delta has a tripartite depositional geometry, forming a subhorizontal topset, a steep, prograding foreset (up to 35 ø dip), and a gentle-dipping aggradational bottomset [Nemec, 1990] Volcanic margin lava deltas are exposed in the Tertiary flood basalt provinces in eastern and western Greenland.…”

Section: Seismic Volcanostratigraphymentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic volcanostratigraphy of large‐volume basaltic extrusive complexes on rifted margins

Planke¹,

Symonds²,

Alvestad³

et al. 2000

J. Geophys. Res.

380

387

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“…The high degree of crystallinity of the clasts led Porebski and Gradzinski (1987Gradzinski ( , 1990 in part to suggest that the deposit was part of a lava delta fed by an aa lava and was not hyaloclastite. However, the breccia deposit is unbedded, which does not support an origin by repeated pulses of sedimentation, as in delta foreset beds.…”

Section: Massive Lithic Breccia (Lithofacies C)mentioning

confidence: 97%

Subaqueous, basaltic lava dome and carapace breccia on King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica

Smellie¹,

Millar²,

Rex³

et al. 1998

Bulletin of Volcanology

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On King George Island during latest Oligocene/earliest Miocene time, submarine eruptions resulted in the emplacement of a small (ca. 500 m estimated original diameter) basalt lava dome at Low Head. The dome contains a central mass of columnar rock enveloped by fractured basalt and basalt breccia. The breccia is crystalline and is a joint-block deposit (lithic orthobreccia) interpreted as an unusually thick dome carapace breccia cogenetic with the columnar rock. It was formed in situ by a combination of intense dilation, fracturing and shattering caused by natural hydrofracturing during initial dome effusion and subsequent endogenous emplacement of further basalt melt, now preserved as the columnar rock. Muddy matrix with dispersed hyaloclastite and microfossils fills fractures and diffuse patches in part of the fractured basalt and breccia lithofacies. The sparse glass-rich clasts formed by cooling-contraction granulation during interaction between chilled basalt crust and surrounding water. Together with muddy sediment, they were injected into the dome by hydrofracturing, local steam fluidisation and likely explosive bulk interaction. The basalt lava was highly crystallised and degassed prior to extrusion. Together with a low effusion temperature and rapid convective heat loss in a submarine setting, these properties significantly affected the magma rheology (increased the viscosity and shear strength) and influenced the final dome-like form of the extrusion. Conversely, high heat retention was favoured by the degassed state of the magma (minimal undercooling), a thick breccia carapace and viscous shear heating, which helped to sustain magmatic (eruption) temperatures and enhanced the mobility of the flow.

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Lava‐Fed Gilbert‐Type Delta in the Polonez Cove Formation (Lower Oligocene), King George Island, West Antarctica

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

Coastal evolution on volcanic oceanic islands: A complex interplay between volcanism, erosion, sedimentation, sea-level change and biogenic production

Coastal evolution on volcanic oceanic islands: A complex interplay between volcanism, erosion, sedimentation, sea-level change and biogenic production

Seismic volcanostratigraphy of large‐volume basaltic extrusive complexes on rifted margins

Subaqueous, basaltic lava dome and carapace breccia on King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica

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