Lateral water flow in a clayey agricultural field with cracks

Inoue, Hiromu

doi:10.1016/0016-7061(93)90076-w

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…From winter, with low ET (2Ð9-3Ð6 mm day 1 ) and continued rain, soil cracks are almost totally closed at depth. Even with crack closure, soil flow continues preferentially through the closed macropore system, as shown in (Figure 7) and supported by studies by Innoue (1993). The well heights at the interfluve well (well 1s) begin to fall as water moves laterally downslope ( Figure 11).…”

Section: Descriptive Model Of Watershed Dynamicssupporting

confidence: 63%

Field data and flow system response in clay (vertisol) shale terrain, north central Texas, USA

et al. 2005

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Abstract:The water budget in clay shale terrain is controlled by a complex interaction between the vertisol soil layer, the underlying fractured rock, land use, topography, and seasonal trends in rainfall and evapotranspiration. Rainfall, runoff, lateral flow, soil moisture, and groundwater levels were monitored over an annual recharge cycle. Four phases of soil-aquifer response were noted over the study period: (1) dry-season cracking of soils; (2) runoff initiation, lateral flow and aquifer recharge; (3) crack closure and down-slope movement of subsurface water, with surface seepage; (4) a drying phase. Surface flow predominated within the watershed (25% of rainfall), but lateral flow through the soil zone continued for most of the year and contributed 11% of stream flow through surface seepage. Actual flow through the fractured shale makes up a small fraction of the water budget but does appear to influence surface seepage by its effect on valley-bottom storage. When the valley soil storage is full, lateral flow exits onto the valley-bottom surface as seasonal seeps. Well response varied with depth and hillslope position. FLOWTUBE model results and regional recharge estimates are consistent with an aquifer recharge of 1Ð6% of annual precipitation calculated from well heights and specific yield of the shale aquifer.

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Section: Descriptive Model Of Watershed Dynamicssupporting

confidence: 63%

Field data and flow system response in clay (vertisol) shale terrain, north central Texas, USA

et al. 2005

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“…Indeed, a growing body of evidence suggests that delivery of lateral subsurface flow is greatly accelerated by macropores, especially on forested hillslopes [Beasley, 1976;Pilgrim et al, 1978;Wilson et al, 1990]. Water movement via interpedal macropore networks in high-clay soils is well documented: not only vertical movement [Bouma, 1981], but also lateral movement, in both forested soils [Mosley, 1979] and agricultural soils [Parlange et al, 1989;Inoue, 1993]. It is difficult to pinpoint either the nature or the exact location of the barrier to vertical water movement on our hillslope.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Runoff from a semiarid Ponderosa pine hillslope in New Mexico

Wilcox¹,

Newman²,

Brandes³

et al. 1997

Water Resources Research

115

125

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Abstract. The mechanisms by which runoff is generated in semiarid forests have been little studied. Over the past 4 years we have been investigating runoff processes in semiarid regions by continuously monitoring runoff, both surface and lateral subsurface, from ari 870-m • ponderosa pine hillslope in northern New Mexico. We have found that runoff accounts for between 3 and 11% of the annual water budget. We have also found that lateral subsurface flow is a major mechanism of runoff generation, especially following periods of above-average fall and winter precipitation. In one winter, lateral subsurface flow was equivalent to about 20% of the snowpack (about 50 mm). When antecedent soil moisture was high, lateral subsurface flow was extremely responsive to snowmelt and rainfall events and was much more dynamic than would be suggested by the low (laborat6ry determined) hydraulic conductivity of the soil. The rapidity with which lateral subsurface flow follows these events suggests that macropore flow is occurring. In the case of surface runoff, the major generation mechanisms are intense summer thunderstorms, prolonged frontal storms, and snowmelt over frozen soils. Surface runoff at our site took the form of infiltration-excess overland flow; this type of surface runoff has not been found to dominate at other ponderosa pine sites studied. These detailed and continuous investigations are increasing our understanding of runoff processes in semiarid forests and are thereby laying the groundwork for improved predictions, not only of runoff, but also of the concomitant transport of sediment and contaminants within and from these zones.

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“…If cracks appear in the subsoil, water can flow easily through the subsoil. Hydraulic conductivity of subsoil with cracks is as large as 0.002~0.03 cm/s (Yamazaki et al 1964(Yamazaki et al , 1966Inoue 1993Inoue , 1999Inoue and Tokunaga 1995).…”

Section: The Role Of Cracks In Underdrainagementioning

confidence: 97%

Improvement of paddy field drainage for mechanization

Tabuchi¹

2004

Paddy and Water Environment

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In Japan, land consolidation and drainage improvement for farm mechanization in paddy fields began during the 1960 s. It was not easy to use big machines in the muddy conditions caused by the clayey soil and heavy rainfall during the harvesting period. A number of investigations were carried out by many researchers, and factors relating to drainage were clarified. Not only surface drainage but also underdrainage was planned. However, drainage was not always sufficient, because the clayey surface soil was impermeable to ponding water. It became clear that underdrainage for a clayey paddy field for the harvest is quite different from underdrainage for an ordinary field. Field and soil characteristics, as well as water conditions, should be examined carefully before planning drainage improvement for farm mechanization.

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Lateral water flow in a clayey agricultural field with cracks

Cited by 23 publications

References 5 publications

Field data and flow system response in clay (vertisol) shale terrain, north central Texas, USA

Field data and flow system response in clay (vertisol) shale terrain, north central Texas, USA

Runoff from a semiarid Ponderosa pine hillslope in New Mexico

Improvement of paddy field drainage for mechanization

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