Latency requirements for head-worn display S/EVS applications

Bailey, Randall E.; Arthur, Jarvis J.; Williams, Steven P.

doi:10.1117/12.554462

Cited by 24 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…40 In this experiment, synthetic terrain was rendered on the HWD. The alignment of the synthetic terrain to the real terrain (OTW is considered truth for this experiment) is dependent on the static boresighting as well as the system latency.…”

Section: Hwds For Spacecraftmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of head-worn displays for the Next Generation Air Transportation System

et al. 2017

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Abstract. NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) has conducted research in the area of helmet-mounted display (HMD)/head-worn display (HWD) over the past 30 years. Initially, NASA LaRC's research focused on military applications, but recently NASA has conducted a line of research in the area of HWD for commercial and business aircraft. This work revolved around numerous simulation experiments as well as flight tests to develop technology and data for industry and regulatory guidance. This paper summarizes the results of NASA's HMD/HWD research. Of note, the work tracks progress in wearable collimated optics, head tracking, latency reduction, and weight. The research lends credence to a small, sunglasses-type form factor of the HWD being acceptable to commercial pilots, and this goal is now becoming technologically feasible. The research further suggests that an HWD may serve as an "equivalent" head-up display (HUD) with safety, operational, and cost benefits. "HUD equivalence" appears to be the economic avenue by which HWDs can become mainstream on the commercial and business aircraft flight deck. If this happens, NASA's research suggests that additional operational benefits using the unique capabilities of the HWD can open up new operational paradigms.

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Section: Hwds For Spacecraftmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of head-worn displays for the Next Generation Air Transportation System

et al. 2017

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“…Consistent definitions and measurement techniques as well as preliminary latency (time delay) requirements have been proposed for Head-Worn Display S/EVS applications. 11,17 Based upon the most stringent requirements for HMD applications of S/EVS (i.e., demanding tasks using a high resolution, large field-of-view head-worn display), the required system latency might be as low as 20 msec.…”

Section: Latencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An in-situ latency measurement technique -the so-called "windshield washer" test 11 -was used to measure the HWD latency. This test used the conformal runway scene (i.e., space-stabilized, boresighted symbology) and a grid pattern of 5 degree lines projected on the out-the-window simulator visual.…”

Section: Latencymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of head-worn display concepts for commercial aircraft taxi operations

et al. 2007

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Previous research has demonstrated that a Head-Up Display (HUD) can be used to enable more capacity and safer aircraft surface operations. This previous research also noted that the HUD exhibited two major limitations which hindered the full potential of the display concept: 1) the monochrome HUD format; and, 2) a limited, fixed field of regard. Full-color Head Worn Displays (HWDs) with very small sizes and weights are emerging to the extent that this technology may be practical for commercial and business aircraft operations. By coupling the HWD with a head tracker, full-color, out-the-window display concepts with an unlimited field-of-regard may be realized to improve efficiency and safety in surface operations. A ground simulation experiment was conducted at NASA Langley to evaluate the efficacy of head-worn display applications which may directly address the limitations of the HUD while retaining all of its advantages in surface operations. The simulation experiment used airline crews to evaluate various displays (HUD, HWD) and display concepts in an operationally realistic environment by using a Chicago, O'Hare airport database. The results pertaining to the implications of HWDs for commercial business and transport aviation applications are presented herein. Overall HWD system latency was measured and found to be acceptable, but not necessarily optimal. A few occurrences of simulator sickness were noted while wearing the HWD, but overall there appears to be commercial pilot acceptability and usability to the concept. Many issues were identified which need to be addressed in future research including continued reduction in user encumbrance due to the HWD, and improvement in image alignment, accuracy, and boresighting.

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“…Previous studies have shown that it is desirable to have the HWD system latency no more than 20 ms. 24 Reducing the latency to 20 ms would result in more readable text and reduce blurring video artifacts. However, the minimal latency of a display refreshed at 60 Hz is 17 ms without processing, indicating a signficant challenge for video processing, etc.…”

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confidence: 99%

Part-task simulation of synthetic and enhanced vision concepts for lunar landing

et al. 2010

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During Apollo, the constraints placed by the design of the Lunar Module (LM) window for crew visibility and landing trajectory were "a major problem." Lunar landing trajectories were tailored to provide crew visibility using nearly 70 degrees look-down angle from the canted LM windows. Apollo landings were scheduled only at specific times and locations to provide optimal sunlight on the landing site.The complications of trajectory design and crew visibility are still a problem today. Practical vehicle designs for lunar lander missions using optimal or near-optimal fuel trajectories render the natural vision of the crew from windows inadequate for the approach and landing task. Further, the sun angles for the desirable landing areas in the lunar polar regions create visually powerful, season-long shadow effects. Fortunately, Synthetic and Enhanced Vision (S/EV) technologies, conceived and developed in the aviation domain, may provide solutions to this visibility problem and enable additional benefits for safer, more efficient lunar operations. Piloted simulation evaluations have been conducted to assess the handling qualities of the various lunar landing concepts, including the influence of cockpit displays and the informational data and formats. Evaluation pilots flew various landing scenarios with S/EV displays. For some of the evaluation trials, an eye glasses-mounted, monochrome monocular display, coupled with head tracking, was worn. The head-worn display scene consisted of S/EV fusion concepts.The results of this experiment showed that a head-worn system did not increase the pilot's workload when compared to using just the head-down displays. As expected, the head-worn system did not provide an increase in performance measures. Some pilots commented that the head-worn system provided greater situational awareness compared to just head-down displays.

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Latency requirements for head-worn display S/EVS applications

Cited by 24 publications

References 36 publications

Review of head-worn displays for the Next Generation Air Transportation System

Review of head-worn displays for the Next Generation Air Transportation System

Evaluation of head-worn display concepts for commercial aircraft taxi operations

Part-task simulation of synthetic and enhanced vision concepts for lunar landing

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